Preview

Leaf Litter Invertebrates in Pennsylvania Forest

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2185 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Leaf Litter Invertebrates in Pennsylvania Forest
Biodiversity of invertebrates found in leaf litter in the Solebury woods

Introduction: We are trying to compare the biodiversity of leaf litter invertebrates in forested areas on each side of the horseshoe trail on Solebury School’s campus. Each area has significantly different ecological histories. Leaf litter invertebrates are essential to the forests wood web. At the base off the food web are the main producers which would be trees or shrubbery. Then there are the primary consumers that eat the trees and shrubbery. Next there are the secondary consumers that eat the primary consumers. Finally there is top carnivore that is at the top of the food chain and doesn’t get preyed upon. The leaf litter invertebrates that we are found would most likely be detritivores. Detrivores eat dead plant and animal matter, as well as feces. Together with the aid of microbial decomposers detritivores break down dead organic matter and return it to the soil so the food chain may continue (Raven, Hassenzahl, and Berg 50). Biodiversity has provided many services that have humans have utilized in order to make a better world and it importance should not be overlooked. The medical industry relies on biodiversity for research and resources to make new medications. For example advances in the treatment of osteoporosis, diabetes, renal disease and cardiovascular disorders all came from studying bears. Also research on cetaceans has been used to help divers when they suffer from decompression sickness. Maintaining biodiversity isn’t just vital used for research when developing medicines but many plants and animals are also used in the production of many medicines. Some plants that are used are Digitalis plants, which are consumed in the making of Lanoxin a cardiac drug, anti-cancer drugs use taxus trees to for Taxol and Hycamtin which is made from Camptotheca trees. One example of when an animal is used is when Zincontide, and inter alia pain killer

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Ilab Week 3

    • 1155 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Deciduous forests are closer to the equator than the coniferous forests of the tiaga, and so they have a longer growing season. This gives the plants more time to produce food, and the forest yields about 6000 Kilocalories per square meter per year for animals to eat. These primary producers form the first trophic level. The trees in the deciduous forest shed their leaves in winter. This prevents their branches from being broken by the weight of the snow, but also means that they have to grow leaves anew each spring. The trees and shrubs produce flowers, seeds, and fruits, such as wild cherries and persimmons. Many of the shrubs beneath the trees also produce fruit, such as huckleberries, blackberries, and thimbleberries. Below the shrubs there are wild flowers, clumps of grasses, and ferns. Herbivores eat the leaves and fruits of the forest. Some of the animals that live in coniferous forests also live here. Squirrels, small rodents, and deer find food in the deciduous forest, and other plant eaters, including many birds and insects, are also members of the community of primary consumers. These animals are on the second trophic level. These animals can use the 6000 Kilocalories per square meters per year produced by the plants, but the most of this energy is used up in the processes of living, such as breathing, circulating the blood, growth, and reproduction. Only about one tenth of the energy is stored in the bodies of the herbivores, so animals eating these herbivores can only get 600 Kilocalories per square meters per year from their bodies. The small carnivores, the secondary consumers, form the third trophic level. Many of these animals, such as woodpeckers and skunks, eat insects, while others, such as racoons, foxes, and snakes, eat the small rodents and frogs. The small carnivores have 600 kilocalories per square kilometer per year to eat, but, again, nine tenths of these Kilocalories are used up in keeping the animals alive. The bodies of the secondary…

    • 1155 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Some of the animals in the Temperate Deciduous Forest are the American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear, Coyote, Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk, European Red Squirrel, Fat Dormouse, and White-tailed Deer. Animals in the Temperate Deciduous Forest must be able to withstand cold winters and hot summers. Animals in the Temperate Deciduous Forest either migrate or hibernate in the winter and return in the summer. The American Black Bear has a thick coat with many layers that help keep it warm in the winter and cool in the summer. It’s also an omnivore meaning it eats plants and meat.…

    • 98 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The aim of this experiment was to investigate and compare rates of decomposition of different species of leaf material and examine if there is a difference in tissue loss between the same species immersed in different wetland types. By examining the rate of decomposition of three different leaf types we can determine the rate that energy becomes available to the inhabitants of the ecosystem. It is hypothesized that allochthonous Salix species will not have defence against native predators and will produce the highest rate of tissue loss. Eucalyptus will have the second highest rate of tissue loss due to its autochthony; while it has strong structural and chemical defences, predators have been able to adapt and successfully predate the Eucalyptus leaves. Phragmite…

    • 1106 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Biology Quiz 5

    • 3421 Words
    • 14 Pages

    The biotic components are the cardinals, raccoons, bees, mosquitoes, beetles, blue grass, moss, worms, and pine trees.…

    • 3421 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Science Shtuff

    • 9230 Words
    • 37 Pages

    Lab Activity 1 - Relationships and Biodiversity In this lab, students are introduced to classification and the importance of biodiversity. Organisms are according to similar characteristics. Some of these characteristics are physical (structural) and others are Biodiversity is the amount of the different organisms in a given area. Students learn that an important cancer curing drug is found in Botana curus, a slow growing plant that endangered list. They must examine three plentiful similar species to determine which one is most similar to curus . It is hoped that this plant will also produce curol, the cancer curing drug.…

    • 9230 Words
    • 37 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Com/155 Final

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Plants and animals are becoming known more and more for their vital human usage in many areas, such as…

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Biodiversity is important to sustaining the ecosystem. According to UNDP.org (2010), the activities of microbial and animal species – including bacteria, algae, fungi, mites, millipedes and worms – condition soils, break down organic matter, and release essential nutrients to plants. These processes play a key role in the cycling of such crucial elements as nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous between the living and non-living parts of the biosphere. The gray wolfs of Yellowstone National Park are an example of what happens when one species is eliminated and how the absence of that species affects the ecosystem as a whole.…

    • 532 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Berlese Funnel Lab Report

    • 1025 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In our Berlese Funnel lab we sampled two different types of forest, deciduous and coniferous, both on our school campus. We set up multiple funnels in our classrooms with heat directly above them. After collecting leaf litter from our designated forest we placed them in a funnels above beakers of alcohol. We let them sit for two nights in a row and while in class checked for different organisms under microscopes. We calculated the different amount of species and how many there were of each.…

    • 1025 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Sloths have a very interesting diet. Sloths feed off of mainly tropical tree leaves. This probably sounds boring and repetitious but they feed off of fifty different tree species. Sloths also feed on small insects that are on the trees that they are eating the leaves off of. So in the process of eating their tree leaves they often ingest caterpillars, eggs, and fruit flies.…

    • 512 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Many tropical forest plants evolved chemical defenses against the insects that would eat their leaves. These active chemicals often have, by coincidence, physiological effects on us. Think of aspirin, caffeine, digitalis, and quinine. Perhaps a third or more of western medicines had their origins as plant defense chemicals, and most of these have been from tropical forests. They include chemicals to treat rheumatism, diabetes, muscle tension, malaria, heart conditions, skin diseases, arthritis, glaucoma and many other diseases. Despite our obvious dependence on tropical rainforests, nearly half of these forests have been destroyed in the last 75 years. Every time a forest patch is destroyed it is likely that a yet undiscovered medicine for a disease like uterine cancer or a food that could raise the quality of life for millions of people is lost forever.…

    • 930 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Ecology Unit Review

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Herbivores eat plants. Carnivores eat meat. Omnivores eat plants and meat. Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, break down dead organisms for food.…

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Dung beetles eat poop because it is their main food group. The parents eat poop too but they also have to feed it to there kids.They are very particular about the poop they eat. They eat herbivores and omnivores poop. The Dung beetle is very good at finding poop.…

    • 277 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The first insect that lives in the Tropical Rainforest is a Spider. A spider eats other insects and other spiders. The other things that eat are smaller animals such as millipedes, woodlice, small lizards, frogs and birds. Spiders get their food be injecting venom through their fangs which operates much like a pair hypodermic needles.…

    • 55 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part of, this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biodiversity in animals have changed over time whether it has been through genetics or adaptations from outside forces, such as ecosystems. The question that has been through multiple assumptions and have been approached many times is: How has biodiversity on Earth changed over time? The question has opened many gates to many different answers, but what does it actually mean? This statement explains how organisms have grown and made adaptations throughout their ecosystems in order…

    • 528 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    What is biodiversity and what are the impacts do invasive species have on biodiversity? Biodiversity is the variety of animal and plant life in a particular habitat; it also means all of the different natural processes on the earth. There is estimated to be more than 11000 tree species in the amazon rainforest, that a huge amount of different species and that’s only for one part of the world. It is important to have biodiversity, Biodiversity boost ecosystems productivity. What is productivity?…

    • 958 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays