Level 3 P4 Unit 1 Business Environment

CENTRE FOR EMPLOYERS AND ENTERPRISE

EVIDENCE REPORT
Learner: Ana-Maria
Date of Evidence: 14.01.13
Assessor: Veronica Campbell
Qualified:
ASSESSMENT METHOD (Please tick)
Direct Observation
Witness testimony
Record of Work Product
Case Study
Questioning
Simulation
Reflective account
RPL
Professional Discussion
Other:

REPORT
REFERENCE

There are two major pieces of legislation in the Health,Safety and Security at work sector:

1.The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which promotes a joint staff/management approach to health and safety issues
Under this main Act there are other pieces of legislation like:
1. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
These regulations require employers to minimise the health risks associated with manual handling, a term used to describe activities which involve lifting, carrying, moving, holding, pushing, lowering, pulling or
restraining an object, person or animal.
Employers should:
-avoid the need to lift, carry, push, pull, lower or support loads wherever possible mechanise tasks where they cannot be avoided by the use of trolleys, barrows, lifts or hoists
-carry out risk assessments, which take into account the work task, the activity involved, individual capacity, working environment and other factors.
2. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
Under these regulations (often referred to as RIDDOR), certain work-related accidents are reportable by law to the Health and Safety Executive or the local authority. The following must be reported: death of any person a 'major injury' to any person at work hospital treatment of any person who is not at work (eg pupil/student) an accident which results in a person at work being incapacitated for more than three consecutive days (excluding the day of the accident) specified dangerous occurrences, eg building collapse specified work-related diseases, eg mesothelioma and hepatitis.

3.The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
2002

These regulations (often known as the COSHH regulations) require employers to assess and prevent (or at least adequately control) the risks to health from the use of any hazardous substances used in the workplace. A hazardous substance is one which has, by law, to be labelled as 'very toxic', 'toxic', 'harmful', 'irritant' or 'corrosive'. It therefore includes many chemical substances such as paints and cleaning materials, as well as wood dust.
The obligations to employers are to:
-assess the risks
-decide what precautions are needed
-take steps to reduce or adequately control exposure to hazardous substances
-ensure that control measures are utilised and maintained
-monitor exposure
-Carry out health surveillance of employees who have been or are likely to be exposed
-have in place emergency procedures to deal with accidents/incidents
-ensure that employees are properly informed, trained and supervised.

2. The Management of Health and Safety at Work (MHSW) Regulations 1999, which require all employers and the self-employed to assess the risks from their work to anyone who may be affected by their activities.

The main requirement of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is that employers must carry out risk assessments to eliminate or reduce risks. Employers with five or more employees need to record the significant findings of a risk assessment - it is not necessary to record risk assessments for trivial or insignificant risks. In addition, employers also need to:
-make arrangements for implementing the health and safety measures identified as necessary by risk assessments
-monitor and review those arrangements
-appoint people with sufficient knowledge, skills, experience and training to help them to implement these arrangements
-set up emergency procedures and provide information about them to employees
-provide clear information, supervision and training for employees and ensure that suitably competent people are appointed who are capable of carrying out the tasks entrusted to them
-work together with any other employer(s) operating from the same workplace, sharing information on the risks that other staff may be exposed to, eg cleaning, catering or maintenance contractors
-take particular account of risks to new and expectant mothers.

All workers are entitled to work in environments where risks to their health and safety are properly controlled. Under health and safety law, the primary responsibility for this is down to employers.They must set up health and safety polices to provide guidelines for workers to follow.Here are some things that employers must do:
-Make sure workers know about hazards and dangers by providing information, instruction and supervision on how to work safely
-Make sure supervisors know what is required to protect workers’ health and safety on the job
-Create workplace health and safety policies and procedures
-Make sure everyone follows the law and the workplace health and safety policies and procedures
-Make sure workers wear and use the right protective equipment
-Do everything reasonable in the circumstances to protect workers from being hurt or getting a work-related illness.
Here are some things that employee`s must do:
Follow the law and workplace health and safety policies and procedures
Wear and use the protective equipment required by their employer
Work and act in a way that won’t hurt themselves or anyone else
Report any hazards or injuries to their supervisor

The organisation can minimise risk to health,safety and security by following some polices and procedures that can help control health and safety risk in the workplace like:
1Health and Safety Policy
All organisations employing five or more people must have a written Health and Safety Policy statement. The policy should cover all aspects of the organisation and be relevant to all employees.
A Health and Safety Policy demonstrates how seriously an organisation takes its health and safety responsibilities. A good policy will show how the organisation protects those who could be affected by its activities.
2Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE is defined in the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations as:
‘All equipment (including clothing affording protection against the weather) which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work which protects them against one or more risks to their health and safety’.
PPE includes equipment such as safety footwear, hard hats, high visibility waistcoats, goggles, life jackets, respirators and safety harnesses.
3.Risk Assessment
Risk Assessments are a fundamental requirement for businesses. If you don’t know, or appreciate where the risks are, you are putting yourself, your employees, your customers and your organisation in danger.
Employers must look at all work activities that could cause harm in order to decide whether they are doing enough to meet their legal obligations. This is a minimum requirement. If it is reasonably practicable to do so, employers should consider doing more than the legal minimum.
4.Safety Signs and Signals
Safety Signs and Signals are one of the main means of communicating health and safety information.
This includes the use of illuminated signs, hand and acoustic signals (e.g. fire alarms), spoken communication and the marking of pipework containing dangerous substances.
Traditional signboards, such as prohibition and warning signs, signs for fire exits, Fire Action Plan notices (fire drills) and fire-fighting equipment are also considered to be Safety Signs.
5. Workplace Inspections
Inspections are a vital element of any safety management system. They should be used to determine whether you are meeting the standards you have set for your workplace and work activities. They are important because if they are carried out effectively, they allow you to identify and remedy problems before they become more serious or result in an incident or accident.

Ways to improve security at the workplace:

Install key-card access systems at main entrances and on other appropriate doors.
Issue access control badges, with recent photographs, to all employees and authorized contractors.
Upgrade perimeter control systems with intercoms and closed circuit monitoring devices.
Keep master and extra keys locked in a security office.

Different types of health emergency that might occur in the health care environment are:
-falls
-difficulty breathing
-shock
-severe abdominal pain
-chemical in the eye
-swallowing of poison(m edicine)
-chest pain
-fits or convulsions
-cardiac arrest
-electrocution
-asthma attack
-loss of consciousness
-burns or scalds
-bleeding

As a carer you know that the person you care for relies on you for vital help and support. You need to know what you can do if ever faced with an emergency, either during office hours, or at night or at weekend.
Here are some ways to summon immediate help:
-call at the emergency telephone number,
-call public utility workers(gas or electricity)
-shout for help
-pull the alarm
-press the panic button

How you respond to an emergency is extremely important in helping someone to recover and in preventing permanent disability.
The two most important things you can do that will make a difference in an emergency situation is offer care for life-threatening problems, and call emergency personnel as quickly as possible.
It can be a frightening experience when you are faced with someone who has been injured in an accident, or when you have to deal with someone who suddenly becomes ill. When you help a casualty you must act calmly and with confidence and follow a clear plan to ensure that you are effectively managing the situation.
1.call emergency number 2.check for danger — to you — to others — to the casualty
Make sure that no one else gets hurt. You will not be able to help if you are also a casualty.
Only proceed if it is safe to do so.

3.check for response — is the casualty conscious?
Gently shake the casualty and ask: "Can you hear me?" and "What is your name?"
If the casualty is conscious check for and manage bleeding and other injuries.
4.disperse people that might gather around 5.after ambulance come,follow their instructions

The methods that can used to report accidents or incidents in the health care sector are :
-by the phone(calling the emergency`s numbers)
-by filling in an accident form
Details of all reportable incidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences must be recorded, including: the date when the report is made the method of reporting the date, time and place of the event personal details of those involved a brief description of the nature of the event or disease.

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