Linkage Institutions In Public Policy

Public Policy is the action and sometimes inactions that the government makes. If the government decides to pass a law, it makes a decision to do so. The law then becomes Public Policy as in the case of the recent nationwide legalization of gay marriages. Public policy is the complete body of goals, plans, directives, and procedures, both domestic and foreign, through which the general, interest of the United States is advanced. The formal enactment of the public policy takes place at all levels of government, and it is the duty of elected or appointed officials serving within a constitutional structure. Public Policy rests on certain broad principles, distinctly those expressed in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

The Legislation usually organizes public policies; however policies can also be created by a bureaucratic regulation,
executive order, or a city ordinance. The primary focus of public policy formulation is the creation of a harmonious balance between freedom and peace. Public policies are crafted to represent that balance. The processes, which lead up to a formal enactment of public policy in the United States, are remarkably complex. It is a conscious part of the nation’s system that these processes are open to citizen participation. This complicated pre-enactment process serves not only as an instrument for the development of public policy but also as a means of arbitrating and reconciling the claims of conflicting interests in the society.

Public Policy is a process, and the policymaking process begins with the people.
When the people express their problems and are voicing their concerns, they present the government with ideas on how to tackle the issue. Once the government receives the ideas, the process then moves on to the linkage phase. Linkage institutions are the political channels through which citizens concerns become political issues on the public agenda. Some examples of linkage institutions are; political news and entertainment, interest groups, elections, and political parties. After the Linkage phase, the policy is then placed o the agenda. Policy making agendas are issues that attract the serious attention of public officials, and not all policies on the agenda are considered. The government's agenda policy changes regularly and often it is not a permanent solution. Public Policies are made by the policymaking institutions branches of government These institutions consist of the Legislature, Executive, Courts, and the Bureaucracies. Once the policymaking institution acts upon the policy, the agenda comes into place or becomes
active.

Public Policy formulation decides on how the government will react to issues nationwide. While many individuals may approve that a particular problem occurs, they might strongly disagree on how to solve it. Members of Congress, interest groups, and executive branch officials may all offer resolutions, which then prompt substantial discussion in Congress and the media. The primary focus of public policy formulation is the establishment of an agreeable balance between liberty and order. Public policies are crafted and often modified to represent that balance. One of the most critical discussions in the public policy method is usually if the government ought to do something in acknowledgment to a specific issue. There are various broad aspects of the policymaking process that can be classified. A public policy problem must be identified first before being placed on the public policy agenda.