Literature review exemplar
Topic: Married Men and Women
In the following review, literature in relation to leisure constraints and women is canvassed. Jackson (1988) argued that leisure constraints act as forces inhibiting the participation opportunities of an individual, satisfaction derived from participation or the time that he or she has for participation. However, approaches that do not consider the complexities of additional variables such as gender have been scrutinized. Early examples of this approach include, Jackson and Henderson (1995), who found that women experienced more intense constraints than males; especially in relation to family commitments. Furthermore, other researchers have found that physical inactivity and a lack of motivation are also key factors influencing the participation choices of women (Hui & Rubensten, 2006). As such, further understanding of how women experience constraints, given the previous evidence cited, presents an important area to develop understanding.
Elaborating on the earlier works of Jackson and Henderson, other researchers have found that having children and being married impact on the amount of time that women have available to participate in sport (Ruseski et al, 2011). In addition, Lee and Bhargava (2009) found that time constraints increased as the number of children within a family unit increased. This view was supported by research conducted by Nomaguchi and Bianchi (2004) which highlighted that leisure time may be affected by intensified family demands, as physical activity requires focus and energy, which are hard to maintain in addition to other activities, such as the care of children. Based on the literature reviewed, two factors of relevance to the present study are evident. First, that women experience more intense constraints to physical activity than men, based on the published literature. Second, marital status also intensifies constraints on time for participation in physical activity. While such constraints may
In the following review, literature in relation to leisure constraints and women is canvassed. Jackson (1988) argued that leisure constraints act as forces inhibiting the participation opportunities of an individual, satisfaction derived from participation or the time that he or she has for participation. However, approaches that do not consider the complexities of additional variables such as gender have been scrutinized. Early examples of this approach include, Jackson and Henderson (1995), who found that women experienced more intense constraints than males; especially in relation to family commitments. Furthermore, other researchers have found that physical inactivity and a lack of motivation are also key factors influencing the participation choices of women (Hui & Rubensten, 2006). As such, further understanding of how women experience constraints, given the previous evidence cited, presents an important area to develop understanding.
Elaborating on the earlier works of Jackson and Henderson, other researchers have found that having children and being married impact on the amount of time that women have available to participate in sport (Ruseski et al, 2011). In addition, Lee and Bhargava (2009) found that time constraints increased as the number of children within a family unit increased. This view was supported by research conducted by Nomaguchi and Bianchi (2004) which highlighted that leisure time may be affected by intensified family demands, as physical activity requires focus and energy, which are hard to maintain in addition to other activities, such as the care of children. Based on the literature reviewed, two factors of relevance to the present study are evident. First, that women experience more intense constraints to physical activity than men, based on the published literature. Second, marital status also intensifies constraints on time for participation in physical activity. While such constraints may