Loans

Chapter 2 [EDMUND] REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter is concerned with related literature or literature coming from books, journals and other non-data materials, and related studies, which is empirically based, consisting of findings in theses and dissertations. It also discusses the theoretical and conceptual framework of the proposed study. Theoretical Framework of the Study
The theoretical framework of the study is used to show how the existing and proposed system works. It also illustrates how the proposed system evolved from the existing system.
Figure 1.0 illustrates the paradigm of the input-process-output of the proposed study. It shows the overview of the existing and the proposed system. The study will have three variables; the input or independent variable from the end user, the process or intervening variable that converts the input to output and the output or dependent variable which shows the products of the process.
The Input-Process-Output (IPO) briefly explains the relationship of these variables of both the proposed system and the existing system. Moreover, it is said that IPO is briefly a visual technique for design and documentation.

Figure 1.0
Theoretical Framework of the Study

In the existing system, the inputs are book information and personal information coming from the library users themselves. These inputs are searched in the logbook and other records in the library to view the outputs, which are book records and student records of the library users. On the other hand, the proposed system defines clearer inputs, an effective process and accurate outputs. On the proposed system, the inputs include user information of the library users, inquiries and information requests about data and scanned barcode from the barcode reader. All of these inputs are processed by the proposed system. The products of this process are search results, vital information and printed reports about library records.

[KUYA DON]
Conceptual Framework of the Proposed System

Figure 2.0
Conceptual Framework of the Proposed System

Figure 2.0 illustrates the proponents' idea of the proposed system. The system generally has three specific users. The librarian or the administrator, the registered users, and the remaining are guests of the website or those who have searched the website without any involvement with the school involved. Guests and registered users share the same icon but the guests are denoted by a question mark, meaning these users can be anyone browsing the online system. Furthermore, registered users have privileged access to some features and contents unavailable to the guests. The system has different user interfaces for every type of user; however, the interfaces are still related to each other in some ways. One significant difference is illustrated on the librarian. Since the proposed system will use barcode in its operations, added alongside with the normal tasks is scanning the barcode labels as another method of input. The users can access the proposed system using one important medium – the internet. Without this medium, transactions and processes cannot take place. The proposed system houses a database where all the data are stored and retrieved depending upon the queries involved. Some arrows are bidirectional signifying interaction between the user and the proposed system. One common interaction is by information requests. Information requests cover searching for records, browsing a web page, visiting a link, and clicking buttons or graphics. Information requests are the sources of traffic in the proposed system. Replies to information requests can be in various forms. For the librarian, these request means search results or having printed reports. On the part of registered users, products of information requests are search results and vital information. Guests can also gather vital information from information requests. Moreover, the system will use a web hosting service to host the online system via the internet. [SUNSHINE]
Local Literature
Education can be seen as the wings for the progress of the human being. According to Sergio Mauro in his article, What is the meaning of Education? “Education helps the individual to attain intellectual, physical, spiritual and emotional progress. In some ways, it helps the individual to live a happier life” (Mauro Serio,: What is the Meaning of Education?, 2009). Education moves us forward, as said said by Maryam Pavan in her book “Educating Our Children”, she stated that “Education not only creates a better human being but also contributes to the transformation of the society”(Pavan; Educationg Our Children, 2007). We are summoned to take forward our community, country and world. But to get that, we need tools. One example of tools we need is the library which helps us to become educated. “Library plays an important role in promoting the progress of knowledge”(Yero, Judith; Importance of the Library, 2009). There are many people who loves to read books but then can’t afford to buy because prices of books are very high. “A library is a place that is open to poor and rich alike”(Samar, Editha, Treasure of Knowledge,2009). Thus, knowledge is not exclusively for the people who can afford to go to school but also those who are enthusiastic to learn and be educated. With this purpose, “Libraries nowadays provides better learning experience to promote education and learning (Reyes, 2008)

Foreign Literature
Most libraries are being found in schools for the use of the students and outside researchers. One role of the library is to “Facilitate the planning and implementation of learning programs that will equip students the skills necessary to succeed in a constantly changing social and economic environment” (Ford, Role of School Libraries, 2006). As stated in his article that the library should “Cater for the differences in learning and teaching styles through provision of and equality of access to, a wide range if materials fiction and nonfiction, print, audio, video and digital” (Wozniak, 2007). The library is not only meant for students but is also made for the educators. The role of the library for the teachers is to “Provide access to relevant curriculum information and professional development materials within and outside the school; and opportunities to cooperatively plan, implement and evaluate learning programs which integrate information resources and technologies (York, Library for the Educators”, 2009). The knowledge gained by these educators from the library is the ones they share their students. Even children who are not going to school can use the library. “A library is a very important aspect in the learning process of your child” (Uttara, 2009), the extensive genre of children’s literature is an essential part of the growing up. Children who visit the library were able to practice the habit of reading and educational activity that brings a reservoir of knowledge. In addition to the above mentioned points, Libraries are also sources of entertainment and youngsters as well as adults. “A library not only helps to inculcate the habit of reading but inculcates a thirst for knowledge, which helps makes a person humble and open to new ideas throughout his/her life” (Manohar, 2009).

[RALPH]
Local Studies
With the emergence of Web 2.0, the application of technology in education has never been as exciting as it is now. In the study conducted by the Department of Education regarding online education, it is said that “On average students in online learning conditions perform better than those receiving face-to-face instruction”(Manila Bulletin, 2009). Another study by SRI International for the Department of Education proved that “Online learning today is not just better than nothing” (Means, 2009). Just recently, a new study entitled Leadership for Web 2.0 in Education states that “if students are to be the next inventors, entrepreneurs and leaders in the global economy, we must see to it that our young people have the innovative tools they need to be successful in the 21st century, particularly in the classroom”.(Hidalgo, 2009). This doesn’t mean saying goodbye to classrooms but this study does suggest that online education could be set to expand sharply over the next few years as evidence mounts of its values. Experts say that “the real promise of online education is providing learning experiences that are more tailored to individual students than is possible in classrooms. That means more learning by doing which students find more engaging and useful.”(NYT). The Department of Education continues to take initiatives to meet the education for all goals, “efforts that are certain to benefit the school age population and prepare them to meet the challenges of global knowledge economy”(Education for all, 2010).

Foreign Studies
Computer enthusiasts have been discussing the concept of paperless society for many years. This would mean no more receipts, magazines, books, newspapers and more. “The saving this would bring to America is enormous, but the cost to embrace this type of change would be considerable in the short term. One institution that is in no danger of going paperless anytime soon is the public library”(Norwood, 2009). This advocacy that the enthusiast are thinking would not only be beneficial to the people but also to the environment. The American Library Association and the Bill and Melinda Foundation funded a study that revealed the demand for information technology in public libraries and found out that “over 70% of the studied libraries were reportedly the only source of free computer and Internet access for their communities. Only 25% of the libraries studied claimed to have the computers they needed to meet the demands for their users, and there is no change seen in the horizon that will fix this issue.” The knowledge available to the average American has increased beyond measure due to Internet access. This is knowledge the poor have severely limited or no access to all. “Libraries have long been a free place for anyone to go too and access the information they needed. It is important that they continue to serve this function during the Information Age.”(Tomescu, 2008). Also, with the technology, digital libraries arises. In the study conducted by B&T’s Informata division and Reciprocal, digital library comprises “a catalog of digital content, brandable pages and web based tools for each participating library to customize for their patrons. Patrons of participating libraries will then be able to browse digital content online, or download and check out the content they are most interested in. Content may be checked out for an extended period of time set by each library, including checking out eBooks from home."( B&T’s Informata division and Reciprocal, 2009). Another study by Digital Owl focused on the difference of the physical and virtual libraries. “The former are based on the tried and proven technology of print. The latter on the chaos we know as cyberspace and on user-averse technologies developed by geeks and nerds, rather than by marketers, users, and librarians.” (Sam, 2009). The war is by no means decided. "Progress" may yet consist of the assimilation of hi-tech gadgets by lo-tech libraries. It may turn out to be convergence at its best, as librarians become computer savvy - and computer types create knowledge and disseminate it.