LOGIC

Chapter 4
Categorical Propositions

Categorical Proposition- a proposition that relates two classes or categories of entities together in some way. (sentence with truth value) -The classes in question are denoted respectively by the subject term and predicate term (S) (P) Quantifiers (S) (P) -All Ex. All Snow is White -None No Snow is Green -Some Some Snow is Yellow Copula -Are -Are Not Categorical Propositions -All S are P -No S are P -Some S are P -Some S are not P Exercise 4.1 1. Subject: Airport Screener. Predicate: Officials who harress frail Grandmothers; Some;SomeSareP 2. people who live near airport; people who appreciate the noise;None; 3. Oil based paints; contribute to Smog;All;Are;AllSareP 4. Preachers;intolerant;some;are; 5. trials;guilty verdict;All;Are; 6. artificial hearts;prone to failure;Some;Are 7. sex ed course;eroding public morals;No 8. Universities research; institutions that neglect;Some;Are Not

4.2
The Quality of a categorical proposition is either affirmative or negative depending on whether it affirms or denies class membership. Quality Affirmative -All S are P -Some S are P Negative -No S are P -Some S are not P
The Quantity of a categorical proposition os either universal or particular depending on whether the statement makes a claim about every member or just some member of the class denoted by the subject. Quantity Universal Statements All S are P No S are P Particular Statements Some S are P Some S are not P

Proposition Letter name Quantity Quality
All S are P A Universal Affirm
No S are P E Universal Neg
Some S are P I Particular Affirm