Lub Sound Lab Report

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the body via the circulatory system. In vertebrates the heart consists of two chambers called the atria and ventricles. The atria (upper chamber) receives the blood returning to the heart and the ventricles (lower chamber) pumps the blood away from the heart. The atria and ventricles chambers are separated by four main valves called the atrioventricular (two valves), pulmonary, and aortic valves. These valves help create the heart sounds often referred to as “Lub” and ‘Dub”. Thus, the Lub sound is the closing of the atrioventricular valve, and the Dub sound is the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valve. In this lab, we became familiar with the functions of the heart. We also determined
Based on the results from Table 1, there were position-dependent and exercise-dependent changes in the heart rate. It appears that the post-exercise pulses were greater than the standing pulses, and that the standing pulses were greater than the resting pulses. These changes can be explained by the effects of the force of gravity that occurs in these different positions. After an exercise, a person tends to have a greater heart rate in order to pump oxygen to the muscles. When a person is standing their heart rate will increase to pump blood against the force of gravity to the brain. In contrast, a person tends to have a lower heart rate in the sitting position because the effects of the force of gravity are less than in the standing
The three different waveforms are a representation of the electrical activity of the heart. The P wave represents the depolarization of the atrial valve. The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricular valve. Also, the T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricular valve. The change in amplitude represents the different heartbeat patterns such as normal, fast, slow, or irregular heartbeats.
8. In addition, the waveforms of the other subjects do not have the same amplitudes. This can be explained by the different heartbeat patterns, type of movements, and positions (resting, sitting, or standing) that occurred during the ECG recordings.
9. The Lub sound always occurs around the peak of the R wave because the R wave is the contraction of the ventricles. Also, the Lub sound is the closing of the atrioventricles. As pressure builds in the ventricles, back pressure towards the atria causes the atrioventricular valve to close. The Dub sound occurs around the T wave because the T wave is the repolarization of the ventricles. Also, Dub sound is the closing of the pulmonary and aortic value. As pressure in the ventricles decreases, it causes the pulmonary and aortic value to