Middle: manage the work of first-line managers
Top manager: who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization * 50 %women in management; 2.6% women in top management * Managerial level: non-managerial employee-first-line- middle- top * Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activity * Managerial concerns: * Efficiency (means): doing things right- getting the most output for the last inputs( resource usage)
Low waste * Effectiveness (ends) : doing the right things- attaining organizational goals (goal attainment)
High attainment
Management Strives for: low resource waste (high efficiency) high goal attainment (high effectiveness) * 3 approaches to defining what managers do * Functions they perform * Planning * Organizing :arranging and structuring * Leading: motivating, working with and through people to accomplish goals * Controlling: monitoring, comparing, and correcting work * Roles they play * Roles: specific actions or behaviors expected of a manager * Management roles (mintzberg): * Interpersonal roles: figurehead, leader, liaison * Informational roles: monitor, disseminator, spokesperson * Decisional roles: entrepreneur, disturbance, two more
Actions: thoughtful thinking; practical doing * Skills they need * Technical skills ( lower-level manage): knowledge and proficiency in a specific field * Human skills ( middle manager): the ability to work well with other people * Conceptual skills (top manager): the ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization * How The