19)The security market line is not stable over time and shift in it can result in a change in required…
Other guidance which is giving within my setting requirements is that places in my home such as:-…
System safety is defined as the application of operating, technical and management techniques and principles to the safety aspects of a system throughout its life cycle to reduce hazards to the lowest practical level…
Although the 'frontier' period of Australian history can be viewed in the terms of war, there were also many white settlers who were appalled at the treatment of the Indigenous people and wanted to help them. Some of those who tried to help were government officials, others were Christian missionaries. These people truly believed that the Aboriginal people needed their help and without it they would die out. Their somewhat misguided attempts to help the Indigenous people are known as 'paternalism'. Paternalism means looking after someone and taking care of their interests because they cannot do it themselves. Instead of hunting down Aboriginal people and murdering them, government policy changed to treat them as if they were children who had to be protected.…
National and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children are there for all practitioners to be aware of and relate to. They influence schools and help them to have and adhere to their own internal policies for protecting children. These policies are set to protect all…
Wilhelm (1999) lists three existing instruments of price stabilization in IPOs available in the US. The first one is the stabilizing bid: a bid posted by the underwriter at a price close to the offer price and properly identified as a stabilization bid. This mechanism, the only one regulated by the SEC, makes the action of the underwriter totally transparent to the market. The second mechanism involves penalties to syndicate members whose costumers flip shares in the first days of trading. This mechanism aims at mitigating the downward pressure on the price caused by flipping. Imposed penalties on syndicate members are not public. The information documented on penalties is likely be only partial [Wilhelm (1999)]. The third instrument is the repurchase of shares in the aftermarket (syndicate covering transactions or aftermarket short covering): the underwriter overallots the issue by selling short a number of shares in excess to the amount originally defined. This short position subsequently is covered either by repurchases of shares in the aftermarket (aftermarket short covering), or by the exercise of the greenshoe option (a covenant that gives the underwriter the option to buy a supplementary number of shares from the issuer at the offer price). In the US there is no limit for the overallotment and it is commonly greater than the greenshoe [Edwards and Hanley (2007)]. The National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) specifies that the greenshoe might not be larger than 15% of the number of shares issued. Chung et al (2001) reports that 92% of the IPOs in the US have greenshoe option. The stated period for the exercising of the greenshoe is usually of 30 days, although it is not restricted by law or other formal rules [Muscarella, et al. (1992)]. Finally, the underwriter is not bound to disclose information about the level of overallotment and the aftermarket short covering. When the aftermarket price remains above the offer price,…
The government’s duty is to protect its citizens and ensure the safety and welfare of the people being governed. There is no doubt that the government must provide citizens with a social safety net. Due to the debt and amount of government spending, some may disagree but the government can find other safer ways of making sure the right people in need and deserving of the help provided by social safety nets. Social security, Medicare, Medicaid, unemployment benefits, free clinics, public education, free or reduced breakfast or lunch, etc., are all needed and makes the United States a place where people feel safe and know that their government can help them when needed.…
Things like social security, Medicaid, Medicare, welfare, food stamps, etc, should be provided to the public when in they are in need of them. In today’s economic times, many people look to the government to help them provide for themselves and their families. Although there is much controversy over its role in the lives of citizens, the government should be responsible for maintaining a social safety net.…
Initial Public Offer (IPO) is one of the ways of raising capital for the companies which proposes to expand their operations or they want to start a new venture. As this is the effective way of getting funds from public for the first time for every company which wants to go public, that company has to follow a certain set of guidelines which we call as Disclosure and Investor Protection (DIP) guidelines. And the process of coming to IPO has been very important for the company, this project has been describing about the issue procedure along with the advantages and disadvantages for coming to an IPO. For the better understanding of how the companies have to raise funds, the analysis of some companies which recently came for an IPO and the success of their IPO has been clearly explained. The main aim for undertaking this project is to aware about how the companies come for an IPO route for raising funds to achieve the proposed target. And another thing is the procedure to be followed by the company for the raising of funds and how to work with all the parties involved in the IPO process, their duties and responsibilities for the better results.…
India adopted the Demat System for electronic storing, wherein shares and securities are represented and maintained electronically, thus eliminating the troubles associated with paper shares. After the introduction of the depository system by the Depository Act of 1996, the process for sales, purchases and transfers of shares became significantly easier and most of the risks associated with paper certificates were mitigated…
The trading on stock exchanges in India used to take place through open outcry without use of information technology for immediate matching or recording of trades. This was time consuming and inefficient. This imposed limits on trading volumes and efficiency. In order to provide efficiency, liquidity and transparency, NSE introduced a nation-wide on-line fully automated screen based trading system (SBTS) where a member can punch into the computer quantities of securities and the prices at which he likes to transact and the transaction is executed as soon as it finds a matching sale or buy order from a counter party.…
in and the like. SEBI had issued guidelines for the protection of the investors through the…
SEBI has constituted a standing committee, chaired by Shri M S Verma, Chairman, TRAI. This committee comprises representatives from ICAI, ICSI, investor associations, merchant bankers, Industry associations, Ministry of Finance etc. The terms of reference of this committee are as follows : 1. To advise SEBI on matters relating to regulation of intermediaries for ensuring investor protection in the primary market. 2. To advise SEBI on issues related to development of primary market in ndia. 3. To advise SEBI on matters required to be taken by for changes in legal framework to introduce simplification and transparency in the primary market. This committee meets at regular intervals and makes recommendations to SEBI. The committee had received several representations from merchant bankers and other participants in the primary market regarding the various changes required in the SEBI (Disclosure and investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000, in order to make it more market/investor friendly. The committee discussed these suggestions and has made the following recommendations to SEBI : (I) Provisions relating to Book Building I (1) Requirement to mention floor price in the Red Herring Present Position The company is required to disclose the floor price in the Red Herring Prospectus to be submitted to RoC, at least 3 days prior to the bid opening date, as per Clause No. 11.3.1(vii)(a) of SEBI (DIP) Guidelines, 2000. Recommendation The company may be allowed to disclose the floor price, just prior to the bid opening date, instead of in the Red herring Prospectus. This may be done by any means like a public advertisement in newspapers etc. Rationale As per provisions of section 60B (2) of Companies Act, 1956 Red Herring prospectus is to be filed with ROC at least 3 days prior to the bid opening date. That means issuer company has to disclose the…
Health and social care settings are now much more aware of what is seen as abuse and how to recognise when abuse has occurred. Due to this there has been safeguarding regulations put in place for vulnerable groups of people. Safeguarding is protecting people from any harm. Each care setting has procedures that should enable them to identify and risks to vulnerable people more clearly.…
We have discussed in previous chapter that SEBI has wide powers to regulate the securities market and to protect the interest of investors in primary market as well as secondary market. The board has powers to regulate the functioning of stock broker, sub brokers or other intermediaries, so that investor’s money can not be lost by malpractices or in other way. The investment through primary market by investors deemed to the first step in this most technical securities market. Therefore, it is primary duty of the SEBI to protect their rights and interest at the first stage.…