Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King

Ariunsaikhan Batkhuyag

Slavery in the United States was abolished in 1865 with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the states constitution, but little has been done in order to give black people real rights. Adoption of the "Black Codes" in the southern states, instead of saying the political rights of former slaves, has led to the fact that they were away from the political life of the country. Segregation as a form of racial discrimination has been legislated in the so-called Jim Crow laws, and was seen in the southern states as a norm of social organization from 1890 until the end of the Second World War. It is from its end associated activation movement for equal rights for African Americans and white people. Martin Luther King, the future leader of the movement, was born in Atlanta (Georgia) in 1929, ML King was educated first in the segregated schools of Georgia, then in college for blacks in Atlanta. In 1954, going in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, who were formers of Baptist minister, King became pastor of the church in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, he completed his postgraduate studies at Boston University, becoming a doctor of philosophy. World view of Martin Luther King Jr. was influenced by the work of philosophers and religious figures as Hegel, Rauschenbusch, Toro, Tillich and Niebuhr. The core philosophy of King was the concept of passive resistance of Mahatma Gandhi, which was the basis for all of the rebellions held by M. L. King in the fight for the rights of black people, the first of which took place in Montgomery is in the middle of the 50s, and immediately attracted nationwide attention. It was about boycotting the city bus transport in response to the arrest of African-American Rosa Parks, for refusing to move back, arguing that she was not in a seat reserved for whites. The protest, which lasted 381 days, actually gave well after effects, decision of the U.S. Supreme Court 's segregation laws in force in Atlanta was found to be unconstitutional in November 1957. During the days of the boycott, Martin Luther King was attacked and arrested. Also there was an attempt to blow up his house. Eventually this protest made him a leader of the movement for racial equality and an idol of the black population of the United States. At the same time, the King became the president of “Southern Christian Leadership Conference.” The largest demonstration that brought Martin Luther King to the world fame was the famous "March on Washington" in 1963, which was attended by about 250,000 people. The purpose of the march was to draw the attention of federal authorities to the problems of civil law, which resulted to a meeting of leaders of the movement for civil rights with the U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Later in 1964 was a law signed “Civil Rights Act”, which prohibited segregation in the United States in public places and at work, which resulted from the efforts of King and his organization. In the same year Martin Luther activity was appreciated by the international community and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The attention span of King was not limited to the problem of racial discrimination. Also he was concerned about poverty in the United States, the unemployment rate, showed dissatisfaction with the events in Vietnam. Martin Luther King traveled the country, speaking to the people everywhere speeches on issues of social order, calling for a different kind of non-violence in the struggle for their rights. He was the author of many books on social subjects, always popular. April 4, 1968, during one of the regular trips to the U.S. in Memphis M. L. King was fatally shot by James Ray, later convicted of the murder and ended his life in prison.
Boycott - a group 's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies. The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections.
Ratification - making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the appointment". The accord is subject to ratification by the five parliaments.
Amendment - a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.) "Society may sometimes show signs of repentance and amendment" (George G. Coulton).
Segregation - a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups. There is still compulsory racial segregation in prisons.
Authority - The power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge. Deputies were given authority to make arrests.

References
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Information Please Database http://www.infoplease.com/spot/mlkbiospot.html
Martin Luther King – Biography, The Nobel Foundation http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html
Racial segregation, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation

References: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Information Please Database http://www.infoplease.com/spot/mlkbiospot.html Martin Luther King – Biography, The Nobel Foundation http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html Racial segregation, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation