Immunity to pertussis appears to wane during childhood. Peak susceptibility appears to be during early adolescence. Adults do not seem to be at greater risk than adolescents for developing the disease, but it seems unlikely that this is due to better immunity. Rather, it is related to a lower risk of exposure to pertussis and a lower rate of progression to symptomatic disease when adults are infected.…
Males, Mike.”HPV Vaccine Texas Tyranny.” Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Disciplines. 2006. 6e. Ed. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth/ Cengage Learning, 2012. 446-448.…
Jeanelle Oliver 03.29.11 CRJ 5994, Professor Johannessen Annotated Outline Topic: Should the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccination be mandated for pre-pubescent girls?? I. INTRODUCTION A. Explanation of what the HPV virus actually is. B. Background history…
According to Barbara Loe Fisher, since 1990, around fourteen thousand reports of hospitalizations, injuries, and deaths following vaccination are made to the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Systems (VAERS), but, it is estimated that the actual number of vaccine-related health problems occurring in the U.S. every year can be more than one million. (“Parents Should Be Allowed to Opt Out of Vaccinating Their Children”, 536.) Barbara Loe Fisher and Steven P. Shelov both wrote articles about the effects of immunizations on children and the community, taking opposite sides on the argument. Fisher argues against indiscriminate mass vaccinations, and parents should have the right to decide whether or not they want to vaccinate their children. However, Shelov believes that allowing parents to opt out of vaccinating their children would open the door to epidemics of several deadly childhood diseases such as polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and diphtheria. The biggest concern in the past decade is that whether or not vaccines in general are safe. Vaccines have been shown to cause lasting damage to children. For instance, Fisher argues that vaccinations can cause mental retardation, epilepsy, learning disorders, diabetes, autism and asthma in children. Vaccinations have gotten rid of polio, but have doubled cases of attention-deficit disorder. Fisher also states that parents should have the right to decide which vaccination their children receive. She said that the government sees the children as sacrifices to learn the effect out of vaccination. She argues that parents are the one that have to deal with the burden of what happens to the child and not the government. On the other hand, Shelov believes that vaccinations are safe and necessary. He said if you don’t vaccinate a child, it would increase the risk of catching dangerous diseases. Shelov also said there is no evidence linking vaccine to autism, SIDS, or asthma. He said that vaccinations…
Throughout the United States, infant vaccination continues to be a highly controversial and pressured decision that parents must face upon their child’s birth. In order to maintain complete objectivity, multiple viewpoints must be critically analyzed and explored in an unbiased manner; therefore, I will examine the positives and negatives regarding adolescent vaccinations, provide general viewpoints and solutions to the debate about which infants should receive vaccinations, and supply the data required to support the arguments relevant to each side. The first viewpoint suggests that infant vaccinations should be heavily regulated due to alleged medical ramifications and adverse side effects. Many Americans support this ideology, including parents and various physicians who firmly believe that infant vaccinations induce medical complications instead of preventing them. The second viewpoint is known as selective vaccination, which is a supported by most American parents and various doctors, who affirm that parents deserve the right of authority over their child because the child’s best interest trumps obligatory immunization. The third viewpoint suggests that some U.S. parents and medical professionals advocate mandatory vaccination in order to protect infants from illnesses; thus, ultimately striving for widespread public health.…
In today’s society it is very important to get properly vaccinated. Getting vaccinated will help provide you with good health, it will help you fight infections, and will protect you and your family from getting sick. You want to get properly vaccinated so you can live a life without getting sick. You can get vaccinated at your family doctor at your annual checkup.…
Despite the obvious protection of the disease some parents decide not to vaccinate their child against pertussis for a number of reasons. One of these is the concern for their child’s safety, especially because pertussis is given to babies when they are very young to ensure their safety. Because it is very dangerous for young children, some people believe that the vaccine may overwhelm the baby’s immune system and that their immune systems aren’t mature enough. These people believe it is safer to delay vaccines until children get older, therefore exposing their baby to the risk of whooping cough that could potentially kill…
Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. Pertussis. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 8 Aug. 2011. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.…
pertussis (MedlinePlus). The majority of deaths continue to occur among infants younger than 3 months of age. The incidence rate of pertussis among infants exceeds that of all other age groups ("Pertussis --- United States, 2001--2003." Par. 3). Individuals that are female and white have a greater chance of being infected ("Pertussis --- United States, 2001--2003." Par. 4), as well as individuals who live in impoverished or urban areas (Siegal et al.).…
Protecting your child or children from preventable diseases is very important, and can be the difference between life and death. Vaccination protects your child from serious illnesses and diseases, which can include amputation of a leg or arm, paralysis of limbs, hearing loss, convulsions, and brain damage.…
The downfall of live, attenuated vaccines is that not everyone can safely receive them; including people that are pregnant, have a weakened…
Pertussis has made a reemergence in well-vaccinated populations. Pathogenic adaptation and the decrease in strength are most likely the cause of the reemergence of pertussis. There is pressure for vaccine research because of the resurgence of the pathogen. Pertussis remains one of the leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths in infants under 1 year of age. Pertussis is a Gram-negative, bacillus called Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium binds to the ciliated epithelial cells in the nasopharynx of the upper respiratory tract. Disease presentation depends on age and history of previous infection or vaccination. Young infants present apnea and cyanosis, with or without disease symptoms. Adults and teens usually show mild symptoms, and have a typical prolonged cough. The human Bordetellea are classified as monomorphic, but there is evidence of genetic variation in B. pertussis. As far as vaccines, there are two types of licensed pertussis vaccines. The first generation is whole cell vaccines (WCVs), which are killed cells. The second generation is acellular vaccines (ACVs), which contain virulence factors. The WCVs contain whole dead cells that can cause more adverse effects compared to ACVs, which have been gradually replacing WCVs. Some of the virulence factors that the ACV uses are pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, two fimbriae serotypes, and chemically detoxified pertussis toxin. WCVs induce type 1 helper T cells, which assist cytotoxic T cells. WCVs also induce a broad antibody response against a range of surface antigens. ACVs induce type 2 helper T cells, which assist B cells. It causes a high antibody response against the vaccine antigens presented. Both of these vaccines give satisfactory long-term protection against pertussis. WCV is estimated to protect for 4-12 years and the AVC could last 5-7 years. Programs to vaccinate began in the 1950s with the WCV. This caused a dramatic drop in mortality and morbidity in children.…
Researcher have indicated that the uptake rates of annual influenza uptake is effected by several factors, such as locational setting of vaccination availability (Lu 2014), the cost of administering vaccine (Wada 2013) and the perceived vulnerability for the age groups (Wu 2013). Many of these factors also can be perceived as barriers that impact the vaccine uptake rates. Although these barriers here contribute to low annual uptake of influenza vaccine in adults, public health officials can minimize the impact of barriers to increase the levels of vaccine uptake in several ways. Majority of adults receive influenza vaccines in a medical setting (38.4%), but a large remaining portion of adults receive vaccines in non-medical settings because…
Your friend tells you that she is going to breastfeed for as long as she can, no matter how hard it is, when she returns to work because “she knows that breastfed babies are smarter.” She says that she would feel guilty if she stopped before her baby turned one because she would be “disadvantaging her child.” How could you explain the research in such a way that she would feel better about her decision if she chose to stop breastfeeding after a couple of months…
The implementation of vaccinations in the U.S. has helped to eliminate many diseases. Vaccines can save a child’s life from disease such as measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, pertussis,…