By
Alexandra Whittington-Jones
JANUARY 2005
ii
DECLARATION
I, Alexandra Whittington-Jones, hereby declare that this research thesis is my own original work, that all reference sources have been accurately reported and acknowledged, and that this document has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted to any University in order to obtain an academic qualification.
A. Whittington-Jones
31 January 2005
iii
ABSTRACT
After a review of the literature relevant to performance management systems both over time and across different types of organizations, this thesis confines its research to a case study of the development and implementation of a performance management system in a non-governmental organization (NGO), the Public Service Accountability Monitor (PSAM).
Collation of the relevant data is followed by a discussion of the development and implementation of the performance management system at the PSAM over a 5-year period from 1 June 1999 to 31 May 2004. This is considered in terms of the PSAM’s achievement of commitments to Funders and the concurrent development of the performance management system. Next an analysis of major themes that emerged from the research, in terms of important items for consideration in the development and implementation of a performance management system in an NGO, and areas for possible future improvements to the system is presented
After analyzing the relevant information, it became apparent that the performance management system has no direct bearing on the ability of the PSAM to achieve its stated commitment to Funders. However, these short-term focused expectations of the performance management system are outweighed by the positive
References: ALLAN, C. 2001. Human Resource Management Certificate Course Assignment. Unpublished assignment. Grahamstown: Department of Management, Rhodes University. ALFRED, M. and POTTER, M. 1995. People really matter. South African companies learn tough lessons. Pretoria: Knowledge Resources (Pty) Ltd. ANDREW, C. 2004. Personal Communication. Regional Director for Africa, The International Award Association, Grahamstown. November. ARGYRIS, C. 1960. Understanding Organizational Behaviour. London: Tavistock Publications. BARTLETT, C.A. and GHOSHAL, S. 1994. Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond Strategy to Purpose. Harvard Business Review. 72(6):79–88. BARTLETT, C.A. and GHOSHAL, S. 1995. Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond Systems to People. Harvard Business Review. 73(3):132–142. BAUER, K. 2004. KPIs – The Metrics that Drive Performance Management. DM Review. 14(9):63-64. BREWSTER, C., CAREY, L., DOWLING, P., GROBLER, P., HOLLAND, P. and WÄRNICH, S. 2003. Contemporary Issues in human resource management. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. BEVSERVE. 2003.Emotional Intelligence. Port Elizabeth: The Beverage Services Company, Human Resources Services. CHAN, K.W. and RENÉE, M. 1997. Fair Process: Managing in the Knowledge Economy. Harvard Business Review. 75(4):65-76. CHANG, R.Y. and MORGAN, M.W. 2000. Performance Scorecards. Measuring the right things in the real world. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. COLLINS, J.C. and PORRAS, J.I. 1996. Building Your Company’s Vision. Harvard Business Review. 74(5): 67. COLLIS, D.J. and MONTGOMERY, C.A. 1995. Competing on Resources. Harvard Business Review. 73(4):118-128. CURTIS, D. 1999. Performance Management for participatory democracy: thoughts on the transformation process in South African local government. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 12(6):260-272. DAFT, R. L. 1999. Leadership: theory and practice. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. DAFT, R.L. 2004. Organization Theory and Design. 8th Edition. USA: SouthWestern, Thomson Learning. DRUCKER, P. 1961. The practice of management. London: William Heinemann Ltd. DRUCKER, P. 1994. Managing the Non-Profit Organization. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. ERASMUS, B.J. and VAN DYK, P.S. 2003. Training Management in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. FRANKLINCOVEY PLANNER, 2005. Successful Leadership. Leadership it’s your choice. California: FranklinCovey. FURNHAM, A. 2004. Performance Management Systems. European Business Journal. 83 – 94. GIBB, S. 2002. Learning and Development. Processes, Practices and Perspectives at work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. GOLEMAN, D. 1996. Emotional Intelligence. Why it can matter more than IQ. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. GOLEMAN, D., BOYATZIS, R. and MCKEE, A. 2002. The New Leaders. Transforming the art of leadership into the science of results. London: Little,Brown. GUBA, E.G. and LINCOLN, Y.S. 1994. Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research. In: Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, S. (eds). Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Limited. HAZARD, P. 2004. Tackling performance management barriers. Strategic HR Review. 3(4):3. HOLLOWAY, J., FRANCIS, G. and HINTON, M. 1999. A vehicle for change? A case study of performance improvement in the “new” public sector. The International Journal of Public Sector Management. 12(4):351–365. HOQUE, Z., ARENDS, S. and ALEXANDER, R. 2004. Policing the police service. A case study of the rise of ‘new public management’ within an Australian police service”. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. 17(1):59-84. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION (IOMA). 2004. Tactics for reducing employee confusion about performance management & pay. IOMA’s Pay for Performance Report. 4(9):2-4. KAPLAN, R.S. and NORTON, D.P. 1992. The Balanced Scorecard – measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review. 70(1):71-79. KAPLAN, R.S. and NORTON, D.P. 1996. Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy. Harvard: Harvard Business School Press. KAPP, C. 2001. Continuous quality improvement of staff productivity: matching profiling, contracting and portfolios. Unpublished paper presented at the ‘Teach Your Very Best’ Conference, Windhoek. KING COMMITTEE ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. 2001. Draft King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa 2001. Parklands: Institute of Directors in Southern Africa. LEWIS, D. 2001. The Management of Non-Governmental Development Organizations. An introduction. New York: Routledge. LOEHR, J. 2001. The making of a corporate Athlete. Harvard Business Review. 79(1):120-129. MAK’OCHIENG, A.A. 2003. A case study of the strategic nature of DaimlerChrysler South Africa’s corporate social investment programmes in the local communities of the Border-Kei region of the Eastern Cape Province. Rhodes University, Masters Thesis.