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Dedication
With all my deepest sincerity and appreciation.
I dedicated this piece of work to my mother and father, who have supported me all the way since the beginning of my studies.
To my friends who have been a great source of motivation and inspiration.
To my older brothers who apparently doing cigarette smoking.
To some of my relatives most especially to my teenager cousins that have their vices. And also, to the teenager who have been ADDICTED IN CIGARETTE SMOKING.
And above all to our Almighty God for all the blessings.

Guide Questions 1. Why do teens smoke? 2. What are the effects of cigarette smoking to their body? 3. How do teens avoid this practice? 4. Are they enjoying cigarette smoking? 5. What are the diseases they can get from cigarette smoking at their young age?
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1. Why do teens smoke?

According to the Canadian Lung Association, more than 80,000 young people around the world start smoking every day. Most people start smoking when they are teenagers, which makes it more difficult to quit. The earlier the habit begins, the harder it is it to stop, although many teenagers make multiple attempts to stop smoking. There are three main reasons why teens start smoking.

PEER PRESSURE
Peer pressure is perhaps one of the most frequently cited reasons for why teens start smoking. According to Teens Health, many teens start smoking because they think it looks "cool" or because their friends smoke. The pressure most teens experience to experiment with cigarettes, illegal drugs and alcohol is enormous.
During the teen years, peer pressure is a main motivating factor in social and school situations. Teens want to fit in with and be popular with their peers. It's no wonder that around 70 percent of teenagers say they started smoking because of peer pressure or having friends who smoke, according to the Canadian Lung Association.

ADVERTISING
Advertising is another main factor in teen smoking. The tobacco industry knows that most people are now aware of the numerous health hazards of smoking. Therefore, these companies have to replace the consumers who quit or die because of smoking.
According to the Canadian Lung Association, teens are targeted by cigarette advertising in a number of ways. Teens are more likely to start smoking if they see movies or TV shows where there favorite stars are smoking, according to a non-profit organization, Smoke-Free Movies, which studies smoking and the film industry. Additionally, the well-known cartoon mascot of a certain cigarette brand is targeted at attracting young smokers, according to the Canadian Lung Association.

FAMILY
Having a family member that smokes is another main reason that teens start smoking. Anna Gilmore, professor of public health at the University of Bath, states in a September 2010 BBC News Health article that teens who have a family member who smokes are 90 percent more likely to start smoking. Teens often emulate the behaviors of their parents and older family members. Teens may start smoking simply because they see their parents or older siblings smoking. On the other hand, some teens may start smoking to rebel against family members or authority figures who tell them not to smoke.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/262104-reasons-for-teen-smoking/#ixzz2Li6yIJT2

2. What are the effects of cigarette smoking to their body?
Nicotine is the addictive substance in tobacco that causes smokers to continue their smoking habit. Along with nicotine, smokers also inhale about 7,000 other chemicals. These chemicals harm nearly every organ in the body.
Nicotine is the addictive drug in tobacco smoke that causes smokers to continue to smoke. Addicted smokers need enough nicotine over a day to ‘feel normal’ – to satisfy cravings or control their mood. How much nicotine a smoker needs determines how much smoke they are likely to inhale, no matter what type of cigarette they smoke.
Along with nicotine, smokers also inhale about 7,000 other chemicals in cigarette smoke. Many of these chemicals come from burning tobacco leaf. Some of these compounds are chemically active and trigger profound and damaging changes in the body.
There are over 60 known cancer-causing chemicals in tobacco smoke. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causing many diseases and reducing health in general.
In Victoria, it is illegal to smoke in cars carrying children under 18 years of age.

Tobacco smoke contains dangerous chemicals
The most damaging compounds in tobacco smoke include:
• Tar – this is the collective term for all the various particles suspended in tobacco smoke. The particles contain chemicals including several cancer-causing substances. Tar is sticky and brown, and stains teeth, fingernails and lung tissue. Tar contains the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene that is known to trigger tumour development (cancer).
• Carbon monoxide – this odourless gas is fatal in large doses because it takes the place of oxygen in the blood. Each red blood cell contains a protein called haemoglobin – oxygen molecules are transported around the body by binding to, or hanging onto, this protein. However, carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin better than oxygen. This means that less oxygen reaches the brain, heart, muscles and other organs.
• Hydrogen cyanide – the lungs contain tiny hairs (cilia) that help to clean the lungs by moving foreign substances out. Hydrogen cyanide stops this lung clearance system from working properly, which means the poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke can build up inside the lungs. Other chemicals in smoke that damage the lungs include hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides, organic acids, phenols and oxidising agents.
• Free radicals – these highly reactive chemicals can damage the heart muscles and blood vessels. They react with cholesterol, leading to the build-up of fatty material on artery walls. Their actions lead to heart disease, stroke and blood vessel disease.

• Metals – tobacco smoke contains dangerous metals including arsenic, cadmium and lead. Several of these metals are carcinogenic.
• Radioactive compounds – tobacco smoke contains radioactive compounds, which are known to be carcinogenic.

Effects of smoking on the respiratory system
The effects of tobacco smoke on the respiratory system include:
• Irritation of the trachea (windpipe) and larynx (voice box)
• Reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus in the lung passages
• Impairment of the lungs’ clearance system, leading to the build-up of poisonous substances, which results in lung irritation and damage
• Increased risk of lung infection and symptoms such as coughing and wheezing
• Permanent damage to the air sacs of the lungs.

Effects of smoking on the circulatory system
The effects of tobacco smoke on the circulatory system include:
• Raised blood pressure and heart rate
• Constriction (tightening) of blood vessels in the skin, resulting in a drop in skin temperature
• Less oxygen carried by the blood
• Stickier blood, which is more prone to clotting
• Damage to the lining of the arteries, which is thought to be a contributing factor to atherosclerosis (the build-up of fatty deposits on the artery walls)
• Reduced blood flow to extremities like fingers and toes
• Increased risk of stroke and heart attack due to blockages of the blood supply.

Effects of smoking on the immune system
The effects of tobacco smoke on the immune system include:
• The immune system doesn’t work as well
• The person is more prone to infections such as pneumonia and influenza
• Illnesses are more severe and it takes longer to get over them.
• Lower levels of protective antioxidants (such as Vitamin C), in the blood.

Effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system
The effects of tobacco smoke on the musculoskeletal system include:
• Tightening of certain muscles
• Reduced bone density.

Other effects of smoking on the body
Other effects of tobacco smoke on the body include:
• Irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines
• Increased risk of painful ulcers along the digestive tract
• Reduced ability to smell and taste
• Premature wrinkling of the skin
• Higher risk of blindness
• Gum disease (periodontitis).

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Smoking_effects_on_your_body

3. How do teens avoid this practice?
Want to prevent teen smoking? Understand why teens smoke and how to talk to your teen about cigarettes.
Teen smoking might begin innocently, but it can become a long-term problem. In fact, most adult smokers begin smoking as teenagers. Your best bet? Help your teen avoid taking that first puff. Follow these tips to help prevent teen smoking.
10 ways to keep teens smoke-free
1. Set a good example
Teen smoking is more common among teens whose parents smoke. If you don't smoke, keep it up. If you do smoke, quit — now. The earlier you stop smoking, the less likely your teen is to become a smoker. Ask your doctor about ways to stop smoking.
In the meantime, don't smoke in the house, in the car or in front of your teen, and don't leave cigarettes where your teen might find them. Explain to your teen how unhappy you are with your smoking, how difficult it is to quit and that you'll keep trying until you stop smoking for good.
2. Understand the attraction
Teen smoking can be a form of rebellion or a way to fit in with a particular group of friends. Some teens begin smoking to control their weight. Others smoke to feel cool or independent.
Ask your teen how he or she feels about smoking and if any of your teen's friends smoke. Applaud your teen's good choices, and talk about the consequences of bad choices. You might also talk with your teen about how tobacco companies try to influence ideas about smoking — such as through advertisements or product placement in the movies that create the perception that smoking is glamorous and more prevalent than it really is.
3. Say no to teen smoking
You might feel as if your teen doesn't hear a word you say, but say it anyway. Tell your teen that smoking isn't allowed. Your disapproval will have more impact than you think. Teens whose parents set the firmest smoking restrictions tend to smoke less than do teens whose parents don't set smoking limits. The same goes for teens who feel close to their parents.
4. Appeal to your teen's vanity
Smoking isn't glamorous. Remind your teen that smoking is dirty and smelly. Smoking gives you bad breath and wrinkles. Smoking makes your clothes and hair smell, and it turns your teeth yellow. Smoking can leave you with a chronic cough and less energy for sports and other enjoyable activities.
5. Do the math
Smoking is expensive. Help your teen calculate the weekly, monthly or yearly cost of smoking a pack a day. You might compare the cost of smoking with that of electronic devices, clothes or other teen essentials.
6. Expect peer pressure
Friends who smoke can be convincing, but you can give your teen the tools he or she needs to refuse cigarettes. Rehearse how to handle tough social situations. It might be as simple as saying, "No thanks, I don't smoke." The more your teen practices this basic refusal, the more likely he or she will say no at the moment of truth.
7. Take addiction seriously
Most teens believe occasional smoking won't cause them to become addicted and that, if they become regular smokers, they can stop smoking anytime they want. Teens, however, can become addicted with intermittent and relatively low levels of smoking. Remind your teen that most adult smokers start as teens. Once you're hooked, it's tough to quit.
8. Predict the future
Teens tend to assume that bad things happen only to other people. Most teens think cancer, heart attacks and strokes occur only in the abstract. Use loved ones, friends, neighbors or celebrities who've been ill as real-life examples.
9. Think beyond cigarettes
Smokeless tobacco, clove cigarettes (kreteks) and candy-flavored cigarettes (bidis) are sometimes mistaken as less harmful or addictive than are traditional cigarettes. Teens also often think that water pipe (hookah) smoking is safe. Nothing could be further from the truth. Kreteks, bidis and hookahs all carry health risks. Don't let your teen be fooled.
10. Get involved
Take an active stance against teen smoking. Participate in local and school-sponsored smoking prevention campaigns. Support efforts to make public places smoke-free and increase taxes on tobacco products. Your actions can help reduce the odds that your teen will become a smoker.
If your teen has already started smoking, avoid threats and ultimatums. Instead, find out why your teen is smoking — and discuss ways to help your teen quit. Avoiding or stopping smoking is one of the best things your teen can do for a lifetime of good health. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/teen-smoking/HQ00139 4. Are they enjoying cigarette smoking?

5. What are the disease they can get from cigarette smoking at their young age?
Diseases caused by long-term smoking
A lifetime smoker is at high risk of developing a range of potentially lethal diseases, including:
• Cancer of the lung, mouth, nose, voice box, tongue, nasal sinus, oesophagus, throat, pancreas, bone marrow (myeloid leukaemia), kidney, cervix, ovary, ureter, liver, bladder, bowel and stomach
• Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
• Coronary artery disease, heart disease, heart attack and stroke
• Ulcers of the digestive system
• Osteoporosis and hip fracture
• Poor blood circulation in feet and hands, which can lead to pain and, in severe cases, gangrene and amputation.

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Smoking_effects_on_your_body

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