Literature review
Mergers and acquisitions represent the ultimate in change for a business. No other event is more difficult, challenging, or chaotic as a merger. It is imperative that everyone involved in the process has a clear understanding of how the process works. In the contemporary world mergers and acquisitions are a normal way of life within the business world. Peter Davies wrights in his article “The Changing World Petroleum Industry – Bigger Fish in a Larger Pond, 2000” that in today's global, competitive environment, mergers are sometimes the only means for long-term survival. In cases, such as Exxon & Mobil, mergers are a strategic component for generating long-term growth. Additionally, many entrepreneurs no longer build companies for the long-term; they build companies for the short-term, hoping to sell the company for huge profits. In the book "The Art of Merger and Acquisition Integration", Alexandra Reed Lajoux puts it best: "Virtually every major company in the United States today has experienced a major acquisition at some point in history. And at any given time, thousands of these companies are adjusting to post-merger reality. For example, so far in the decade of the 1990's (through June 1999), 96,020 companies have come under new ownership worldwide in deals worth a total of $ 3.9 trillion - and that's just counting acquisitions valued at $ 5 million and over. Add to this the many smaller companies and nonprofit and governmental entities that experience mergers every year, and the M & A universe becomes large indeed". When we use the term "merger", we are referring to the merging of two companies where one new company will continue to exist (Rick MacMilman cited Shay, Donald, et al. “Speed Makes the Difference: A Survey of Mergers and Acquisitions,”). The term