Milgram Experiment
Social psychologist, Stanley Milgram of Yale University conducted a controversial and influential experiments on study of the effect of punishment on learning. Nearly 1000 people participated in Milgram’s 20 experiments. The participants assigned to be a learner and a teacher. Milgram created an electric 'shock generator'; it ranged from 15-450 volts. The teachers were given a task to teach and then test the learner on a list of word pairs. For the first wrong answer, the teacher will flip the switch labeled "15 volts". If the learner continues making mistakes, he will moved to the next higher level, with the maximum of 450 volts. If the teacher obey, he will hear the learner shriek in apparent agony as you continue to raise the shock level
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after each new error. After the 330-volt level, the learner refuses to answer and falls silent. The experiment pushes the participants toward the final, 450-volt switch. In a repeat of the earlier experiment, the result is that 65 percent of the adult male "teachers" fully obeyed the experimenter's commands, right up to 450-volts. The conformity and obedience studies demonstrated that strong social influences can make people conform to falsehood or capitulate to cruelty. In any society, great evils sometimes grows out of people's compliance with lesser evils. Cruelty does not require devilish villains. All it takes is ordinary people corrupted by an evil situation.
Chapter 15
Anxiety is psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Few of them are, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. If a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal, he has generalized anxiety disorder. People with this condition are worry continually and often jittery, agitated and sleep-deprived, two-thirds of the, are women. Concentration is difficult as attention switches from worry to worry, and their tension and apprehension may leak out through furrowed brows, twitching eyelids, trembling, perspiration, or fidgeting. Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Unlike people with general anxiety disorder who worry continually, people with panic disorder experiencing a sudden strike.This disorder is like a tornado attack. The anxiety strikes suddenly, wreaks havoc, and disappears. People with this condition experience a minutes-long episode of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. Heart palpitation, shortness of breath, choking sensations, trembling, or dizziness, typically accompany the
panic.
after each new error. After the 330-volt level, the learner refuses to answer and falls silent. The experiment pushes the participants toward the final, 450-volt switch. In a repeat of the earlier experiment, the result is that 65 percent of the adult male "teachers" fully obeyed the experimenter's commands, right up to 450-volts. The conformity and obedience studies demonstrated that strong social influences can make people conform to falsehood or capitulate to cruelty. In any society, great evils sometimes grows out of people's compliance with lesser evils. Cruelty does not require devilish villains. All it takes is ordinary people corrupted by an evil situation.
Chapter 15
Anxiety is psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Few of them are, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. If a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal, he has generalized anxiety disorder. People with this condition are worry continually and often jittery, agitated and sleep-deprived, two-thirds of the, are women. Concentration is difficult as attention switches from worry to worry, and their tension and apprehension may leak out through furrowed brows, twitching eyelids, trembling, perspiration, or fidgeting. Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Unlike people with general anxiety disorder who worry continually, people with panic disorder experiencing a sudden strike.This disorder is like a tornado attack. The anxiety strikes suddenly, wreaks havoc, and disappears. People with this condition experience a minutes-long episode of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. Heart palpitation, shortness of breath, choking sensations, trembling, or dizziness, typically accompany the
panic.