Cooperative Theory: New Approaches
ABSTRACT
COOPERATIVE THEORY: NEW APPROACHES, edited by Jeffrey S. Royer, Cooperative
Management Division, Agricultural Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
This report contains nine papers on cooperative theory relating to operations, market behavior, decisionmaking, finance, and other aspects of farmer cooperation. These papers were written as part of an ACS project intended to stimulate research and thinking on practical aspects of cooperative theory. This report does not represent an exhaustive theory of cooperatives, but presents new approaches to thinking on several topics. In addition to answering some questions, these papers ask others in an attempt to encourage more thought.
Key words: cooperatives, cooperative theory, cooperative principles, operating procedures, methodology, structure, behavior, economic coordination, collective action, markets, decisionmaking, competition, finance.
ACS Service Report 18
July 1987
FOREWORD
Since Ivan Emelianoff's dissertation on the "Economic Theory of Cooperation" in 1942, a number of U.S. researchers have made contributions toward further developing a theory of cooperation. These contributions often have come in waves as concerted efforts have been made to strike new directions, or to formulate refinements to the evolving economic theory of cooperation. Notable waves of activity can be identified with Frank Robotka (1947) and Richard
Phillips (1953) at Iowa State University; Sidney Hoos and Peter Helmberger at the University of
California (1962); Peter Helmberger and James Youde at the University of Wisconsin (1966); and George Ladd and Jeffrey Royer at Iowa State University (1978). Others also have made individual conceptual contributions such as those by Aaron Sapiro and E. G. Nourse, which predate Emelianoff, and subsequent refinement by writers at various stations on a more sporadic basis. As various researchers have