1. When the biceps brachii was at rest, were motor units activated as indicated by amplitude and frequency of sEMG spikes?…
17. Is possible to differentiate between motor unit recruitment and rate coding using surface EMG? a) b) c) d) Only if IEMG (integrated) recordings are taken Yes Only if the electrode placement is very precise No…
4. When this muscle contracts, the head rotates so that the face turns downward and to the opposite side.sternocleidomastoid…
LABORATORY REPORT Activity 2 Twitch Contractions and Summation Name Instructor Date PREDICTIONS Effect of Muscle Fiber Length on Contraction 1. As muscle fiber length increases Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction 2. As the frequency of stimulation increases, the force of contraction MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurement of Threshold Stimulus 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables Effect of Muscle Length on Contraction 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables 4. What structure was stimulated to cause a muscle contraction 5. Explain why the temperature of the water bath was 35C (95 F). 6. At a stimulation frequency of 15 Hz how many stimuli were there per second RESULTS See Table 4 Measurement of Threshold Stimulus See Graph Effect of Stimulation Value on Twitch Contraction Force 1. What is the threshold stimulus 2. What is the maximum force generated at the threshold stimulus 3. How does increasing voltage above threshold stimulus affect force development See Table 5 Muscle Length and Contraction Force See Graph Effect of Muscle Fiber Length on Contraction Force 4. What was the force of contraction at a muscle length of 7.0 mm 5. What was the optimal muscle length (muscle length that generated the maximum force) 6. What was the maximum force generated at optimal length 7. How does increasing muscle fiber length affect force of muscle contraction See Table 6 Stimulation Frequency and Contraction Force See Graph Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction Force 8. What was the force of contraction at a stimulation frequency of 22.5 9. At what frequency of stimulation was the maximum force generated 10. What was the maximum force generated in this experiment 11. How does increasing stimulation frequency affect force production DISCUSSION 1. Explain why muscle contraction…
For this study, the lab group examined the muscles of the forearm and fingers in particular. Muscle fatigue can occur by way of two different mechanisms. Which mechanism is used is determined by the muscle group(s) targeted and the task being performed. Fatigue can occur when there is a buildup of excess metabolites within the muscle fibers, indicating metabolic fatigue, or when there is there is improper stimulation of motor commands in the motor cortex, indicating neural fatigue (Enoka). During the time that muscular endurance and strength is being tested, there is an accumulation of H+ molecules in the intracellular space which can cause a drop in pH by up to 0.5 pH units.…
3. Explain how the PhysioEx experimental muscle stimulation differs from the in vivo stimulation via the nervous system.…
1. The latent period of the skeletal muscle that was tested in this lab simulation was…
B. Part B. PowerPhys Experiment 4 – Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output (13 points total)…
In this activity you will use an EKG sensor and a measuring device called an accelerometer to compare the speed of voluntary versus reflex muscle action. Just as it can measure the electrical activity of your heart, the EKG sensor will measure the electrical activity in a moving muscle. When we record the electrical activity in muscles, we call this reading an electromyogram or EMG. You will make a rough calculation of nerve impulse speed using data generated by an accelerometer and the EKG sensor. As you analyze data for response times, you will also investigate what has to occur in the nervous system during a reflex and a voluntary action.…
The purpose of this lab is to test what substances are necessary for muscle contraction.…
In order to understand physiological mechanisms of skeletal muscle tissue, including twitch recruitment, length-tension relationship, summation, tetanus, fatigue, and temperature, we examined the contraction of an isolated…
II-Needle Electromyography: Is complements nerve conduction studies and serves a critical role in the evaluation of both muscle and nerve diseases. Recording the electrical activity of the muscle cell membrane with a needle electrode inserted in the muscle, the motor unit potential (MUP) can be recorded. Electromyography is performed using an instrument called electromyograph, to produce a record called electromyogram. This represents the summated electrical activity of action potentials of all of the muscle fibers making up that motor unit. Motor unit is the smallest functional unit of the skeletal muscle which can be voluntarily activated and consistent of an anterior horn cell, its axon and all the muscle fiber it innervates (8).…
Introduction The human body is made up of three different muscle types cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. For this particular experiment the primary focus was skeletal muscle, which accounts for about 36% to 45% of total body weight and involves the integration of more than 600 different muscles (WordPress, 2006). Skeletal muscle contains many unique properties such as; elasticity and extensibility which allows a muscle to be stretched and return to its original state when not in use. Additionally skeletal muscles also contain a property known as contractility, which allows muscles to shorten, producing tension at their endpoints or doing both at the same time, this is useful for movement (WordPress, 2006).…
A myogramme requires that needle electrodes be inserted into the muscle the electrical activity of the muscle is then displayed on a screen, showing the oscillating waves produced by the muscle and how the muscle reacts to a stimulus (Arthritis, foundation, 2017). Vagus tonus refers to the degree of activity occurring within the parasympathetic nervous system, which may result in changes in heart rate, the vagus nerve is responsible for keeping the heart beating within normal ranges. Changes in vagal tone can be extremely dangerous (Wise Geek,…
The aim of this experiment is to explore the basic physiological principles of skeletal muscle using the isolated frog (Rana pipiens or Xenopus laevis) gastrocnemius muscle. Students will dissect a double-pithed frog. Then, they will connect the muscle to the Force Transducer to measure twitch recruitment, effect of stretch, muscle summation, muscle tetanus, and muscle fatigue.…