My Essay
Kristian Gelfo
1. List and describe the phases of Meiosis 1. A:
Metaphase I - Paired homologues move to the center of equator of the cell.
Anaphase I - The homologues seperate from each other and get moved to opposite poles by kinteochores.
Telophase I - Spindle microtubules dissappear, cytokinesis occurs, and the nuclear envelope reappears.
2. Describe homologue pairing and crosing over. At which stage of meiosis do they occur? A: When two homologous chromosomes come together before division, it's homologue pairing. This is so that they can separate properly, and the cell makes sure that each daughter gets one copy. Cossing over is when two homologous pairs trade their DNA. A piece of dna from one will be cut out and exchanged for a piece of the other one from the same location. They both occur in Prophase I.
3. Name two functions of chiasmata. A: Chiasmata acts as the point of intersection during meiosis and aids in the process of crossing over.
4. When do haploid daughter cells form during Meiosis? A: At the end of Telophase in Cytokinesis.
5. List and describe the phases of Meiosis II. A:
Meiosis II - Seperates the sister chromatids.
Prophase II - Spindle fibers reform.
Metaphase II - Duplicated chromosomes line up.
Anaphase II - Sister chromatids seperate to different poles.
Telophase II - Nuclear envelopes reform, chromosomes relax, and cytoplasm divides.
6. In what ways are mitosis and meiosis similar? In what ways are they different? A: Mitosis is not for sex cells. Mitosis also uses RNA to replicate the DNA and divide. Meiosis is for sex cells (sperm and egg) and doesn't use RNA to replicate. They are similar in that they are the two main ways that cells divide to form more cells. Mitosis provides four cells and meiosis provides two cells.
1. List and describe the phases of Meiosis 1. A:
Metaphase I - Paired homologues move to the center of equator of the cell.
Anaphase I - The homologues seperate from each other and get moved to opposite poles by kinteochores.
Telophase I - Spindle microtubules dissappear, cytokinesis occurs, and the nuclear envelope reappears.
2. Describe homologue pairing and crosing over. At which stage of meiosis do they occur? A: When two homologous chromosomes come together before division, it's homologue pairing. This is so that they can separate properly, and the cell makes sure that each daughter gets one copy. Cossing over is when two homologous pairs trade their DNA. A piece of dna from one will be cut out and exchanged for a piece of the other one from the same location. They both occur in Prophase I.
3. Name two functions of chiasmata. A: Chiasmata acts as the point of intersection during meiosis and aids in the process of crossing over.
4. When do haploid daughter cells form during Meiosis? A: At the end of Telophase in Cytokinesis.
5. List and describe the phases of Meiosis II. A:
Meiosis II - Seperates the sister chromatids.
Prophase II - Spindle fibers reform.
Metaphase II - Duplicated chromosomes line up.
Anaphase II - Sister chromatids seperate to different poles.
Telophase II - Nuclear envelopes reform, chromosomes relax, and cytoplasm divides.
6. In what ways are mitosis and meiosis similar? In what ways are they different? A: Mitosis is not for sex cells. Mitosis also uses RNA to replicate the DNA and divide. Meiosis is for sex cells (sperm and egg) and doesn't use RNA to replicate. They are similar in that they are the two main ways that cells divide to form more cells. Mitosis provides four cells and meiosis provides two cells.