Chapter 13-15 AP Biology Questions
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
1) Genes are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA.
2) In asexual reproduction, one parent produces genetically identical offspring my mitosis. In sexual reproduction, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents.
3) Humans have somatic cells, which are any cell other than a gamete, have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A karyotype is an ordered display of the paired of chromosomes from a cell. The 2 chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes or homologs. The sex chromosomes are X and Y. Human females have a homologous pair of X chromosomes (XX). Human males have one X and Y chromosome. The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called autosomes. Each pair of homologous chromosomes includes one chromosome from each parent. The 46 chromosomes in a human somatic cell are two sets of 23 one from the mother and one from the father. A diploid cell (2n) has two sets of chromosomes. For humans the diploid number is 46 (2n=46).
4) Meiosis is the production of gametes that result in one set of chromosomes in each gamete. Gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote that divides by mitosis and develop into a multicellular organism.
5) Mitosis and meiosis are alike in the respect that go through most of the same phases, and are used for reproduction purposes. However, meiosis results in sexual reproduction, in order to create multicellular organisms, occurring in only animals, humans, fungi, and plants, whereas mitosis occurs in all organisms. Mitosis only goes through one division, has the same number of chromosomes, and creates only two diploid cells. Meiosis undergoes two divisions, the creation of four haploid cells, and half reduces the chromosomes.
6)
7) In the first cell division (meiosis I), homologous chromosomes separate. Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes; it sis called the
1) Genes are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA.
2) In asexual reproduction, one parent produces genetically identical offspring my mitosis. In sexual reproduction, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents.
3) Humans have somatic cells, which are any cell other than a gamete, have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A karyotype is an ordered display of the paired of chromosomes from a cell. The 2 chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes or homologs. The sex chromosomes are X and Y. Human females have a homologous pair of X chromosomes (XX). Human males have one X and Y chromosome. The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called autosomes. Each pair of homologous chromosomes includes one chromosome from each parent. The 46 chromosomes in a human somatic cell are two sets of 23 one from the mother and one from the father. A diploid cell (2n) has two sets of chromosomes. For humans the diploid number is 46 (2n=46).
4) Meiosis is the production of gametes that result in one set of chromosomes in each gamete. Gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote that divides by mitosis and develop into a multicellular organism.
5) Mitosis and meiosis are alike in the respect that go through most of the same phases, and are used for reproduction purposes. However, meiosis results in sexual reproduction, in order to create multicellular organisms, occurring in only animals, humans, fungi, and plants, whereas mitosis occurs in all organisms. Mitosis only goes through one division, has the same number of chromosomes, and creates only two diploid cells. Meiosis undergoes two divisions, the creation of four haploid cells, and half reduces the chromosomes.
6)
7) In the first cell division (meiosis I), homologous chromosomes separate. Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes; it sis called the