Eukaryotic Cells Lab Report
CELL REPRODUCTION
DNA is the cell's genetic material; chromosomes are the carriers of this genetic information. In proka-ryotes, the chromosome is a single circle of DNA. In eukaryotes, each chromosome is a complex of DNA and histone proteins found in the nucleus.
BINARY FISSION
Prokaryotic cells reproduce via binary fission. In this process, DNA Is replicated, and the cell splits in two roughly equal parts, each with a copy of the cell's DNA.
EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE
Eukaryotic cells reproduce via the creation of two identical diploid cells from one diploid cell. Diploid (2N) refers to the total number of chromosomes in autosomal (nonsex-ual) cells.
A. Interphase: The period between mitotic divisions during which chromosomes are not visible; comprise of three phases: The four phases of a …show more content…
G2 phase: Synthesis of cell machinery in prepara-tion for cell division.
B. Mitosis (M) phase: The division of genetic material and cellular contents. The stages of mitosis
1. Prophase: Replicated chromosomes condense. Spindle forms along cell equator. Nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle microtubules en-ter nuclear region, eventually attaching to cen-tromeres of chromosomes.
2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align along cell equa-tor called the metaphase plate but do not yet segregate to opposite poles. Centromeres divide, freeing sister chromatids.
3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to oppo-site poles.
4. Telophase: Chromosomes uncoil at opposite ends and become enclosed by a reformed nuc-lear envelope.
C. Cytokinesis: Physical division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
MEIOSIS
Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei called gametes from a single diploid cell. Haploid (N) is half of the diploid num-ber. In interphase, chromosomes are replicated and align in homologous pairs. Each pair contains a maternal and paternal homologue inherited from the previous genera-tion. An important consequence of meiosis is that the genomes are mixed and
DNA is the cell's genetic material; chromosomes are the carriers of this genetic information. In proka-ryotes, the chromosome is a single circle of DNA. In eukaryotes, each chromosome is a complex of DNA and histone proteins found in the nucleus.
BINARY FISSION
Prokaryotic cells reproduce via binary fission. In this process, DNA Is replicated, and the cell splits in two roughly equal parts, each with a copy of the cell's DNA.
EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE
Eukaryotic cells reproduce via the creation of two identical diploid cells from one diploid cell. Diploid (2N) refers to the total number of chromosomes in autosomal (nonsex-ual) cells.
A. Interphase: The period between mitotic divisions during which chromosomes are not visible; comprise of three phases: The four phases of a …show more content…
G2 phase: Synthesis of cell machinery in prepara-tion for cell division.
B. Mitosis (M) phase: The division of genetic material and cellular contents. The stages of mitosis
1. Prophase: Replicated chromosomes condense. Spindle forms along cell equator. Nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle microtubules en-ter nuclear region, eventually attaching to cen-tromeres of chromosomes.
2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align along cell equa-tor called the metaphase plate but do not yet segregate to opposite poles. Centromeres divide, freeing sister chromatids.
3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to oppo-site poles.
4. Telophase: Chromosomes uncoil at opposite ends and become enclosed by a reformed nuc-lear envelope.
C. Cytokinesis: Physical division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
MEIOSIS
Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei called gametes from a single diploid cell. Haploid (N) is half of the diploid num-ber. In interphase, chromosomes are replicated and align in homologous pairs. Each pair contains a maternal and paternal homologue inherited from the previous genera-tion. An important consequence of meiosis is that the genomes are mixed and