Genetics Study Guide
I. How are gametes different from somatic cells? 1. Somatic Cells A. Body Cells i. Eyes, Liver, Spleen 2. Gametes
A. Sex Cells i. Sperm, Eggs a. Sperm- Male Sex Cells b. Eggs- Female Sex Cells
II. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? 1. Haploid A. A cell only has one copy of each chromosome i. Somatic Cells 2. Diploid A. A cell has two copies of each chromosome i. Gametes
III. What are homologous chromosomes? 1. Two chromosomes--one inherited from the mother, one from the father--that have the same general appearance. A. Have copies of the same genes i. Copies may differ
IV. Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis 1. Meiosis A. Form of nuclear division that divides diploid cells into haploid cells i. Essential for sexual reproduction 2. Mitosis A. Used to repair and replace cells in all organisms i. Used for reproduction in asexually reproducing eukaryotes
V. How does meiosis keep our chromosome number constant over several generations?
1. Meiosis regulates chromosomes by dividing until there is a set number of chromosomes. a. Mitosis begins after that
VI. Differentiate between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. 1. Homologous Chromosomes A. Are two chromosomes--one inherited from the mother, one from the father--that have the same general appearance. 2. Sister Chromatids A. Condensed Duplicated Chromosome
VII. During which phase of meiosis does a cell go from being diploid to haploid? What exactly is happening here? 1. Meiosis II A. Meiosis II is when sister chromatids divide
VIII. Know generally the steps of Meiosis 1. Proteins May be Amino acids Today/I Promised Mom A Turkey A. Prophase i. Nuclear membrane breaks down B. Metaphase i. Spindle fibers align homologous chromosomes along equator C. Anaphase i. The paired homologous chromosomes separate from each other and move toward opposite sides of the cell. D. Telophase
A. Sex Cells i. Sperm, Eggs a. Sperm- Male Sex Cells b. Eggs- Female Sex Cells
II. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? 1. Haploid A. A cell only has one copy of each chromosome i. Somatic Cells 2. Diploid A. A cell has two copies of each chromosome i. Gametes
III. What are homologous chromosomes? 1. Two chromosomes--one inherited from the mother, one from the father--that have the same general appearance. A. Have copies of the same genes i. Copies may differ
IV. Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis 1. Meiosis A. Form of nuclear division that divides diploid cells into haploid cells i. Essential for sexual reproduction 2. Mitosis A. Used to repair and replace cells in all organisms i. Used for reproduction in asexually reproducing eukaryotes
V. How does meiosis keep our chromosome number constant over several generations?
1. Meiosis regulates chromosomes by dividing until there is a set number of chromosomes. a. Mitosis begins after that
VI. Differentiate between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. 1. Homologous Chromosomes A. Are two chromosomes--one inherited from the mother, one from the father--that have the same general appearance. 2. Sister Chromatids A. Condensed Duplicated Chromosome
VII. During which phase of meiosis does a cell go from being diploid to haploid? What exactly is happening here? 1. Meiosis II A. Meiosis II is when sister chromatids divide
VIII. Know generally the steps of Meiosis 1. Proteins May be Amino acids Today/I Promised Mom A Turkey A. Prophase i. Nuclear membrane breaks down B. Metaphase i. Spindle fibers align homologous chromosomes along equator C. Anaphase i. The paired homologous chromosomes separate from each other and move toward opposite sides of the cell. D. Telophase