Biology Midterm Study Guide
Chapter 1/2 Bio Study Guide
Section 1.1-Scientific Method
Science- An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world
Scientific Method 1. Collecting observations 2. Asking questions 3. Forming a hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Analyze results and draw conclusions 6. Revise hypothesis
Control Group- a group in the experiment that receives no experimental treatment
Independent Variable- Variable that you change in the experiment X-axis
Dependent Variable-Variable that you are measuring, “your data”
Section 1.2
Laws- Events that will always occur in nature
Theory- Well tested explanations on why things occur in nature
Graphs
Line Graph- When data is continuous
Bar Graph- When the information is not continuous
Pie Graph- When dealing with percents
Characteristics of Life
1. Cellular Organization * Cell is smallest unit capable of life functions * Unicellular organisms- one celled organisms * Multi-cellular organisms- more than one celled organisms
Levels of Organization
2. Reproduction * Necessary for survival of a species
Species- Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring * Asexual reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells, Offspring is clone of parent * Sexual reproduction- Reproduction that involves the union of sex cells, Offspring look unique
3. Homeostasis * The ability for organisms to keep their internal conditions stable * We maintain homeostasis by:
-Sweating
-Shivering
-Wearing Clothes
-Physical Activity
4. Heredity * Living things are based on universal genetic code DNA * Genetic code is almost identical in every organism * Mutation- Change in genetic material of a cell
5. Responsiveness * Living organisms respond to external stimuli * Stimulus- A signal to which an organism responds
6. Growth and Development * Growth- Increase of all organisms mass * Development- Change in
Section 1.1-Scientific Method
Science- An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world
Scientific Method 1. Collecting observations 2. Asking questions 3. Forming a hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Analyze results and draw conclusions 6. Revise hypothesis
Control Group- a group in the experiment that receives no experimental treatment
Independent Variable- Variable that you change in the experiment X-axis
Dependent Variable-Variable that you are measuring, “your data”
Section 1.2
Laws- Events that will always occur in nature
Theory- Well tested explanations on why things occur in nature
Graphs
Line Graph- When data is continuous
Bar Graph- When the information is not continuous
Pie Graph- When dealing with percents
Characteristics of Life
1. Cellular Organization * Cell is smallest unit capable of life functions * Unicellular organisms- one celled organisms * Multi-cellular organisms- more than one celled organisms
Levels of Organization
2. Reproduction * Necessary for survival of a species
Species- Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring * Asexual reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells, Offspring is clone of parent * Sexual reproduction- Reproduction that involves the union of sex cells, Offspring look unique
3. Homeostasis * The ability for organisms to keep their internal conditions stable * We maintain homeostasis by:
-Sweating
-Shivering
-Wearing Clothes
-Physical Activity
4. Heredity * Living things are based on universal genetic code DNA * Genetic code is almost identical in every organism * Mutation- Change in genetic material of a cell
5. Responsiveness * Living organisms respond to external stimuli * Stimulus- A signal to which an organism responds
6. Growth and Development * Growth- Increase of all organisms mass * Development- Change in