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AP Language and Composition—Skills:

| | |
|RHETORIC (1) The study and practice of effective communication. |Style: Diction, Syntax, Tone |
|(2) The art of persuasion. "Acting on another through words." |Tone (DIDLS + attitude + organization) (DIDLS = diction, |
|(James Moffet) (3) An insincere eloquence intended to win points |imagery, details, language, syntax) |
|and manipulate others. (4) The art of analyzing all the choices | |
|involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener |Details (selection and presentation) |
|might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, | |
|purposeful, and effective. (5) The specific features of texts, | |
|written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, |Diction |
|and effective for readers or listeners in a situation. |Allusion |
|Elements of Rhetoric: |Connotation—Denotation |
|Modes of Discourse and Rhetorical Purpose: |Didactic |
| |Image |
|Students will primarily engage in writing in the following |Irony: Dramatic, Situational, Verbal |
|rhetorical modes in preparation for university level writing |Mood |
|courses: |Oxymoron |
|Description | |
|Narration |Figures of Speech |
|Exposition: |Hyperbole |
|Analysis |Metaphor |
|Definition |Simile |
|Causal Analysis |Imagery |
|Compare/Contrast |Understatement |
|Example |Symbol |
|Illustration |Synecdoche |
|Paraphrase |Metonymy |
|Precis |Personification |
|Process Analysis | |
|Summary |Language |
|Argumentation |Alliteration |
|Authority |assonance |
|Evidence—Support |Consonance |
|Refutation |Onomatopoeia |
|Thesis-Antithesis | |
|Persuasion |Imagery |
|Appeals: | |
|Emotional--Pathos |Organization of form |
|Ethical—Ethos (reputation or tribe) | |
|Logical—Logos |Point of View: First Person, Third Person—objective, omniscient, |
|Elements of Logic |limited |
|Logical Fallacies: |Objectivity/Subjectivity |
|Ad hominem |Shifts in point of view |
|Begging the question | |
|Either-or reasoning |Syntax |
|Generalization |Coordination—Subordination |
|Non-sequitur |Loose or Periodic |
|Oversimplification |Simple or complex |
|Post hoc, ergo propter hoc |Inversion |
|Red herring |Elliptical |
|Straw man |Parallelisms |
|Syllogism |Phrasing |
| |Punctuation Marks |
| |Repetition |

AP Language and Composition/ 11th Grade Gifted J. Fishbein

Contact info: [e-mail]

Homework updates: www.jfishbein.com

Procedures/Penalties: • Inappropriate testing behavior—Assignment earns a grade of zero. • Inappropriate scholarship/ Plagiarism as delineated in packet—Assignment will earn a grade of zero. • Late homework = zero. • Late Annotated Bibliography and/or Research Paper = zero. • Submission of Essays/Uploading to Turnitin.com = -5 for every day late. Zero if not submitted and uploaded within 5 days. • There is no extra credit in this class.

▪ Primary Texts: The Structure of Argument, The Bedford Reader, The Norton Reader, Readings for Writers, Writing With Clarity and Style, Sadlier-Oxford Vocabulary Workshop Level F ▪ Supplementary Texts:The Art of the Personal Essay: An Anthology from the Classical Era to the Present by Philip Lopate,., The Practical Stylist 8th ed., and The Prentice Hall Reader, Everything is an Argument, Literature—The American Experience (Prentice Hall)., , The Lively Art of Writing, Editorials, Elements of Language (Grammar Textbook)

STUDENTS COMPOSE AP TIMED WRITINGS APPROXIMATELY ONCE EVERY 2 WEEKS—specific prompts TBA.

Instructional Units:

1. What is rhetoric? 2. Recognizing Hidden and Implied Arguments (including visuals) Exercises in Everything is an Argument 3. Difference between argument and persuasion 4. The 3 Appeals: Logos, Pathos, Ethos 5. Understanding the rhetorical triangle and SOAPS (Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker/Purpose) 6. How to write a rhetorical précis 7. How to annotate a text. • AP annotations by Mary Jo Potts: Mair’s“I am a Cripple” and Wood’s “My Wood” • How to read the prompt accurately • “My Wood” Recognizing Verbal Irony (briefly) • Rhetorical Structure (briefly) 8. Tone and tone words 9. The difference between tone and voice “What is a Writer’s Voice?” in Readings for Writers
10. Aspects of Syntax • --types of sentences (simple, compound, compound-complex, cumulative, loose, periodic) Exercises from the English Workshop Complete Version Chapter 7 of The Practical Stylist: “Writing Good Sentences” “How to Say Nothing in Five Hundred Words” Readings for Writers • --lengths of sentences (long or short) Norton Reader: “Postcards” • --number pf sentences • --parallel structure—parallelism, chiasmus, antithesis Exercises from Writing with Clarity and Style • --repetition (of words, sounds, phrases)—anaphora, epistrophe, symploce, andiplosis • --rhetorical questions • --specific phrasing patterns—inverted word order etc. • --rhythm and cadence of a sentence • --subject openers and non-subject openers—avoiding Subject/Verb/Object constructions repetitively • -- different types of punctuation—Norton Reader: “Notes on Punctuation” p. 527, “Period Styles” • --divisions within a piece with different syntax for each “In Just-“ e.e. cummings “Dream Deferred” Langston Hughes—also ARRANGEMENT. (ARRANGEMENT VS. STRUCTURE)
11. Figurative Language—emphasis on implied metaphor
12. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER—“I Have a Dream” MLK Jr. • Argument • Rhetorical Triangle/ SOAPS/ Levels of Audience • Tone • Parallelism • Rhetorical Questions • Repetition—anaphora, epistrophe, symploce • Allusion • Implied Metaphor/ Extended Metaphor • 3 Appeals
13. Point of View—advantages/limitations • 1st person • Third Person: Objective, Omniscient, Limited Omniscient (and Rotating Limited Omniscient) • Adult looking back on Childhood “Barn Burning” by William Faulkner “The Chase” Annie Dillard in the Bedford Reader “Champion of the World” Maya Angelou in the Bedford Reader
14. Pacing • Speed up pacing: Crisp, hard action words, Short words, Short paragraphs, Dialogue, Incomplete sentences, Eliminate everything but the action/dialogue (cut out adjectives, adverbs) Punctuate frequently (i.e. with periods), 3’s. • Slow down pacing: Long blocks of description/narrative/thoughts of narrator/ exposition/background info. • Rhythm and Impact. Alternating sentence lengths. Slow motion vs. punch of the short sentence. “The Chase” Annie Dillard in the Bedford Reader “Champion of the World”Maya Angelou in the Bedford Reader “In Just-“ e.e. cummings
15. Diction Formal/ Middle/ Low/ Connotation/Denotation Abstract/Concrete Practice Exercises by Shirley Counsil The Practical Stylist: “Words” and “Clutter” Ch. 9

POETRY/RHETORICAL DEVICES:
Syntax: e.e. cummings, Dickinson, Whitman (Song of Myself 1 and 6) , She Being Brand
Thematic link: The Grass (in textbook)
Symbol: The Road Not Taken Textbook
Meter: We Real Cool, Resume, Langston Hughes
Imagist: Red Wheelbarrow, This is Just to Say (Textbook)
Allusion: in-just, Nothing Gold Can Stay,(Textbook) Mushrooms
Metaphor: Moon Tiger, Metaphor, Mirror(Textbook) (Speaker: Simile: Metaphor: Personification)
Personification: Wind
Imagery: Snow, Mushrooms, Isle of Lake Innisfree, Those Winter Sundays (Textbook) (Mood/Tone)
Tone and Imagery: My Papa’s Waltz
Motif: Parents and Chidlren:
Simile: You Fit Into Me, Simile
Extended Metaphor—Life Ain’t No Crystal Stair, Fog, Jump Cabling, Moon Tiger, Dream Deferred
Dramatic Monologue etc./ Speaker/ Shift/ Stream of Consciousness/ Allusion/ Implied Metaphor – Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Patterns (and Imagery) (Textbook)
Sonnet/Enjambment/Tone: If We Must Die
Sonnet/Enjambment/ Litotes: My Mistress’s Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun
Hyperbole: To His Coy Mistress
Verbal Irony: Southern Cop
Litotes: My Mistress’s Eyes, Fire and Ice (Textbook)
Lessons In Hunger – synecdoche / metonymy

16. What is Mode? (topoi/topics of invention) “Guilt” from Readers for Writers
17. Narrative/ Rhetorical Devices “The Chase” Annie Dillard in the Bedford Reader “Champion of the World”Maya Angelou in the Bedford Reader “Indian Education” Sherman Alexie in the Bedford Reader
18. Description/ Rhetorical Devices “Death of the Moth” by Virginia Woolf(Bedford) “The Ugly Tourist” by Jamaica Kincaid(Norton)
19. How to Score An Essay/ Sample Scored Essays
20. Exemplum “Night” Brent Lott (The Prentice Hall Reader p 49) “Black Men and Public Space” (Bedford)
21. Definition “What the Devil is the Devil” (Readings for Writers) “Bore” (handout) and “The Tactless Man” by Theophrastus “Democracy” by Carl Becker (Norton) “Democracy” EB White (Norton) Hughes: “Salvation”(Norton)
22. Classification
“Tides” by Rachel Carson (Norton)
“Old Maids and Bachelors” by Oliver Goldsmith (handout)
“Styles of Loving” (Readers for Writers)
23. Compare/ Contrast
“Grant and Lee” (Bedford)
“Bacon: Of Youth and Age”(Norton) (also Definition)
“Petrunkevitcch The Spider and The Wasp”(Norton)
“Size 6: The Western Woman’s Harem” Fatema Mernissi (Bedford)
Jonathan Swift: “The Bee and the Spider”(Bedford)
26. Process Analysis
“Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain” (Bedford) (Compare this to AP prompt by Shaw about his mom’s cremation)
“Body Ritual Among the Nacirema” (Bedford)
27. Causal Analysis
Tempest Williams “The Clan of the One Breasted Women”(Norton) ) (also Argument/Persuasion)
Montaigne: “That One Man’s Profit is Another’s Loss” (Norton) ) (also Argument/Persuasion)
Orwell: “Politics and the English Language”(Structure of Argument) (also classification)

28. The Argument: Methods of ARGUMENTATION.

Textbook: The Structure of Argument by Annette T. Rottenberg [pic]Annette T. Rottenberg (Author) › Visit Amazon's Annette T. Rottenberg Pageand Find all the books, read about the author, and more.

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[pic]Donna Haisty Winchell
29. Understanding Argument

Understanding the Structure of Argument
The Nature of Argument
*X-Ray Tests Both Security, Privacy, THOMAS FRANK
*Airport Screeners Could See X-Rated X-Rays, JOE SHARKEY
The Terms of Argument • The Claim • The Support • The Warrant
Reading and Listening Critically
Responding as a Critical Reader
Writer’s Guide: General Reading Strategies
The Declaration of Independence, THOMAS JEFFERSON
Comprehending Argument
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
The Gettysburg Address, ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Lincoln’s Logic, CHARLES ADAMS
Writer’s Guide: Annotating a Text
*‘Freak Dancing’: If Only It Stopped There, DESDA MOSS

Reading Visual Texts Critically Writing about Argument
*Writing the Claim
*Let’s Have No More Monkey Trials, CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER

*Planning the Structure
SAMPLE ESSAYS WITH ANALYSIS
*Is There a Torturous Road to Justice?, ALAN M. DERSHOWITZ
*Alan Dershowitz’s Tortuous Torturous Argument, SETH FINKELSTEIN
*Using Sentence Forms to Construct an Argument
*Providing Support
*Summarizing
*Paraphrasing
*Quoting
*Writer’s Guide: Incorporating Quotations into Your Text
*Documenting Your Sources
Writer’s Guide: Documenting Use of Summary, Paraphrase, and
Quotations
*Avoiding Plagiarism
READINGS FOR ANALYSIS
*Should We Fight Terror with Torture?, ALAN DERSHOWITZ
*Parents Need Help, BARBARA DAFOE WHITEHEAD
Warfare: An Invention—Not a Biological Necessity, MARGARET MEAD
*DEBATE: HOW SERIOUS IS THE PROBLEM OF ONLINE
PREDATORS?
*MySpace and Sex Offenders: What's the problem?, BOB SULLIVAN
*MySpace Is Not Responsible for Predators, KEVIN ALEXANDER
*ASSIGNMENTS FOR WRITING ABOUT ARGUMENT

Defining Key Terms, The Purposes of Definition , Defining the Terms in Your Argument • Defining Vague and Ambiguous Terms
Methods for Defining Terms • Stipulation • Negation • Examples • Extended Definition The Definition Essay
Writer’s Guide: Writing a Definition Essay
The Definition of Terrorism, BRIAN WHITAKER
DEBATE: IS THE DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE CHANGING?
Gay Marriage Shows Why We Need to Separate Church and State, HOWARD MOODY
Will It Be Marriage or Civil Union? JO ANN CITRON
ASSIGNMENTS FOR UNDERSTANDING DEFINITION Claims
Claims of Fact • Sufficient and Appropriate Data • Reliable Authorities • Facts or Inferences
Writer’s Guide: Defending a Claim of Fact
SAMPLE ANNOTATED ESSAY: CLAIM OF FACT
A Reassuring Scorecard for Affirmative Action, MICHAEL M. WEINSTEIN
*Picking Sides for the News, ROBERT J. SAMUELSON
Claims of Value
Writer’s Guide: Defending a Claim of Value
SAMPLE ANNOTATED ESSAY: CLAIM OF VALUE
Kids in the Mall: Growing Up Controlled, WILLIAM SEVERINI KOWINSKI
*Crash, ROGER EBERT
Claims of Policy
Writer’s Guide: Defending a Claim of Policy
SAMPLE ANNOTATED ESSAY: CLAIM OF POLICY
College Life versus My Moral Code, ELISHA DOV HACK
Letter from Birmingham Jail, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Providing Support
Types of Support: Evidence and Appeals to Needs and Values
Evidence
• Factual Evidence • Opinions: Interpretations of the Facts
Evaluation of Evidence • Evaluation of Factual Evidence • Evaluation of Statistics • Evaluation of Opinions • When Experts Disagree
Appeals to Needs and Values • Appeals to Needs • Appeals to Values
Evaluation of Appeals to Needs and Values
Writer’s Guide: Using Effective Support
Connecting the Dots . . . to Terrorism, BERNARD GOLDBERG
A New Look, an Old Battle, ANNA QUINDLEN
Marriage Plus, THEODORA OOMS
*DEBATE: Is assuming the role of citizen journalist worth the risk?
*Praise for Student’s Footage of Virginia Tech Mass Killing, LILY YULIANTI
*Disaster Photos: Newsworthy or Irresponsible?, MARK MEMMOTT, with ALAN LEVIN and GREG LIVADAS Analyzing Warrants
What Are Warrants?
An Unjust Sacrifice, ROBERT A. SIRICO
Types of Warrants
SAMPLE ANNOTATED ESSAY
The Case for Torture, MICHAEL LEVIN
Writer’s Guide: Recognizing Warrants
READINGS FOR ANALYSIS
*We’re All Celebrities in Post-Privacy Age, ERIC AUCHARD
Civil Disobedience, HENRY DAVID THOREAU Avoiding Flawed Logic
Induction
SAMPLE ESSAY: AN INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
True or False: Schools Fail Immigrants, RICHARD ROTHSTEIN
Practice
Deduction
*SAMPLE ANNOTATED ESSAY: A DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
*It’s All about Him, DAVID VON DREHLE
A Note on the Syllogism and the Toulmin Model
Common Fallacies
Writer’s Guide: Avoiding Logical Fallacies
Show Biz Encourages Looser Teen Sex Habits , HERYL McCARTHY
Food for Thought (and for Credit), JENNIFER GROSSMAN
A Modest Proposal, JONATHAN SWIFT
DEBATE: SHOULD THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FUND EMBRYONIC STEM-CELL RESEARCH?
Use the Body’s "Repair Kit": We Must Pursue Research on Embryonic Stem Cells, Christopher Reeve
The Misleading Debate on Stem-Cell Research, MONA CHAREN Choosing Fair and Precise Language: The Power of Words, Connotation, Slanting, Picturesque Language, Concrete and Abstract Language
*Address to Congress, 8 December 1941, PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT
Selection, Slanting, and Charged Learning, NEWMAN P. BIRK AND GENEVIEVE B. BIRK
Short Cuts • Cliches • Slogans
*Address to the Nation, September 11, 2006, GEORGE W. BUSH
Writer’s Guide: Choosing Your Words Carefully
Americans Entitled to Cheap Gas—Right?, JOAN RYAN
$hotgun Weddings, KATHA POLLITT
Politics and the English Language, GEORGE ORWELL
DEBATE: Does the Government Have the Right to Regulate Guns?
The Right to Bear Arms, WARREN E. BURGER
A God-Given Natural Right, ROGER B. McGRATH Researching, Writing, and Presenting Arguments
Evaluating Sources
Documenting Your Research: MLA System

30. Irony as a Method of Argument
Swift: Gulliver’s Travels
Swift: Modest Proposal
Dickens: Ch 1-5 Oliver Twist
Austen: Ch. 1-6 Pride and Prejudice
Columnists: Le Batard, Dave Barry, Carl Hiaason
“Southern Cop” by Sterling Brown

31. VISUAL ARGUMENTS
Use visual examples to determine what the argument is –who is the intended audience—who is the speaker/communicator.

32. The Synthesis Essay

33. Major Projects: Research Paper, Columnist Assignment, Portfolio of Rhetorical Précis.