Nt1310 Lab 1
ANATOMY 2 LAB 1 – RECEPTORS
Questions:
1. How is the distance between receptors related to sensitivity of a stimulus? * The greater the distance between receptors and stimulus the lesser sensitive are the stimulus. The smaller area, the more sensitive. 2. What does the two-point discrimination test measure? * It measures the smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt or measures areas that are more sensitive and has more motor interactions. 3. What areas of the body have a greater density of receptors? * Lips, palm of hands, ventral forearm 4. What happens when receptors adapt? * When a stimulus is applied for a prolonged period, the rate of receptor response slows down and our conscious awareness of the …show more content…
stimulus declines or is lost until some type of stimulus change occurs. 5. Did your experimentation show any indications of adaptation? If yes, how? * Yes. * In the experiment where I put my left hand in ice cold water for 2 minutes. At first few seconds it is shocking cold and felt painful and then as time goes by, it started to adapt and became numb. 6. What is meant by referred pain? Where was referred pain felt when the elbow was immersed in ice water during the experiment. Have you ever experienced referred pain, if yes, give an example. * Referred pain refers to pain that is felt in part of the body at a distance from the area of pathology. It is pain in the viscera but is felt on the surface. * In the experiment, referred pain is felt in the medial aspect of the hand. * My own experience of referred pain was radiating pain in forehead after quickly swallowing an ice cold Mountain Dew pop. 7. What is it important the pain receptors adapt very little if at all? * It is important for safety and protection. Because if something did not hurt, we would continue to do it eventhough it causes harm to our body. 8. Which lobe of the cerebrum is vital in interpreting the kind and intensity of stimuli that cause cutaneous sensations? * Parietal Lobe.
LAB 1 REPORT
DATA AND ANSWERS FOR ACTIVITIES
SUBMITTED BY JOY WILKINS
LAB ACTIVITY 2. TWO-POINT DESCRIMINATION
#3. Which area has the smallest two-point threshold? * Fingertips
Determining Two-Point Threshold Body Area Tested | Two-Point Threshold Tested (mm) | Face | 11 | Back of Hand | 14 | Palm of Hand | 15 | Fingertip | 2 | Lips | 4 | Back of Neck | 13 | Ventral Forearm | 16 |
LAB ACTIVITY 3.
TESTING TACTILE LOCALIZATION Body Area Tested | Average Error (mm) | Palm Of Hand | 20 | Fingertip | 2 | Ventral Forearm | 28 | Back of Hand | 18 | Back of Neck | 19 |
Questions & Answers: * Does the ability to localize the stimulus improve the second time? * NO. * The third time? * NO. * Explain: * Density of Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors) does not change.
* Which area has the smallest error of localization? * Fingertips
LAB ACTIVITY 4. PLOTTING THE RELATIVE DENSITY AND LOCATION OF TOUCH AND TEMPERATURE RECEPTORS.
Student 1 Student 2
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* How does the density of the heat receptors correspond to that of the touch receptors? * Heat receptors perceive hot sensations when receptors take over. * To that of the cold receptors? * It damaged the skin’s underlying tissue. * On the basis of your observations which of these three types of receptors appears to be most abundant (at least in the area tested?)
*
Face
LAB ACTIVITY 5. DEMONSTRATING ADAPTATION OF TOUCH RECEPTORS 1. 11 Seconds 2. 23 Seconds 3. Does the pressure sensation return? YES * 35 Seconds * Are the same receptors being stimulated when the four coins, rather than the one coin, are used? * YES * Explain: * Stronger stimuli produce larger potentials and therefore increased frequency of nerve impulse. 4. Is the tactile sensation greater when the hair is being slowly bent or when it springs back? * When it springs back * Why is the adaptation of the touch receptors in the hair follicles particularly important to a woman who wears her hair in a ponytail? * It is important to adapt so that it is not painful.
LAB ACTIVITY 6. DEMONSTRATING ADAPTATION OF TEMPERATURE RECEPTORS 1. What is the sensation of the left hand when it is first immersed? * Cold 2. After 1 minute as compared to the sensation in the right hand just immersed? * Painful 3. Had adaptation occurred in the left hand? * Yes 4. After 2 minutes: * Left Hand = Numbness * Right Hand = Hot 5. Water at room temperature: * Left hand = Cold * Rigt Hand = Hot
LAB ACTIVITY 7. DEMONSTRATING THE PHENOMENON OF REFERRED PAIN 1. How does the localization of this referred pain correspond to the areas served by the ulnar nerve? * The ulnar nerve is the pathway that brings signal from sensory receptors of the hand to the brain. Time of Observation | Quality of Sensation | Localization of Sensation | On immersion | Discomfort | Elbow | After 1 minute | Tingling | Elbow | After 2 minute | Tingling | Elbow | 3 min after removal | Pain | Medial Aspect of Hand |
Questions:
1. How is the distance between receptors related to sensitivity of a stimulus? * The greater the distance between receptors and stimulus the lesser sensitive are the stimulus. The smaller area, the more sensitive. 2. What does the two-point discrimination test measure? * It measures the smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt or measures areas that are more sensitive and has more motor interactions. 3. What areas of the body have a greater density of receptors? * Lips, palm of hands, ventral forearm 4. What happens when receptors adapt? * When a stimulus is applied for a prolonged period, the rate of receptor response slows down and our conscious awareness of the …show more content…
stimulus declines or is lost until some type of stimulus change occurs. 5. Did your experimentation show any indications of adaptation? If yes, how? * Yes. * In the experiment where I put my left hand in ice cold water for 2 minutes. At first few seconds it is shocking cold and felt painful and then as time goes by, it started to adapt and became numb. 6. What is meant by referred pain? Where was referred pain felt when the elbow was immersed in ice water during the experiment. Have you ever experienced referred pain, if yes, give an example. * Referred pain refers to pain that is felt in part of the body at a distance from the area of pathology. It is pain in the viscera but is felt on the surface. * In the experiment, referred pain is felt in the medial aspect of the hand. * My own experience of referred pain was radiating pain in forehead after quickly swallowing an ice cold Mountain Dew pop. 7. What is it important the pain receptors adapt very little if at all? * It is important for safety and protection. Because if something did not hurt, we would continue to do it eventhough it causes harm to our body. 8. Which lobe of the cerebrum is vital in interpreting the kind and intensity of stimuli that cause cutaneous sensations? * Parietal Lobe.
LAB 1 REPORT
DATA AND ANSWERS FOR ACTIVITIES
SUBMITTED BY JOY WILKINS
LAB ACTIVITY 2. TWO-POINT DESCRIMINATION
#3. Which area has the smallest two-point threshold? * Fingertips
Determining Two-Point Threshold Body Area Tested | Two-Point Threshold Tested (mm) | Face | 11 | Back of Hand | 14 | Palm of Hand | 15 | Fingertip | 2 | Lips | 4 | Back of Neck | 13 | Ventral Forearm | 16 |
LAB ACTIVITY 3.
TESTING TACTILE LOCALIZATION Body Area Tested | Average Error (mm) | Palm Of Hand | 20 | Fingertip | 2 | Ventral Forearm | 28 | Back of Hand | 18 | Back of Neck | 19 |
Questions & Answers: * Does the ability to localize the stimulus improve the second time? * NO. * The third time? * NO. * Explain: * Density of Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors) does not change.
* Which area has the smallest error of localization? * Fingertips
LAB ACTIVITY 4. PLOTTING THE RELATIVE DENSITY AND LOCATION OF TOUCH AND TEMPERATURE RECEPTORS.
Student 1 Student 2
. . . .. .. . .
.. . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
* How does the density of the heat receptors correspond to that of the touch receptors? * Heat receptors perceive hot sensations when receptors take over. * To that of the cold receptors? * It damaged the skin’s underlying tissue. * On the basis of your observations which of these three types of receptors appears to be most abundant (at least in the area tested?)
*
Face
LAB ACTIVITY 5. DEMONSTRATING ADAPTATION OF TOUCH RECEPTORS 1. 11 Seconds 2. 23 Seconds 3. Does the pressure sensation return? YES * 35 Seconds * Are the same receptors being stimulated when the four coins, rather than the one coin, are used? * YES * Explain: * Stronger stimuli produce larger potentials and therefore increased frequency of nerve impulse. 4. Is the tactile sensation greater when the hair is being slowly bent or when it springs back? * When it springs back * Why is the adaptation of the touch receptors in the hair follicles particularly important to a woman who wears her hair in a ponytail? * It is important to adapt so that it is not painful.
LAB ACTIVITY 6. DEMONSTRATING ADAPTATION OF TEMPERATURE RECEPTORS 1. What is the sensation of the left hand when it is first immersed? * Cold 2. After 1 minute as compared to the sensation in the right hand just immersed? * Painful 3. Had adaptation occurred in the left hand? * Yes 4. After 2 minutes: * Left Hand = Numbness * Right Hand = Hot 5. Water at room temperature: * Left hand = Cold * Rigt Hand = Hot
LAB ACTIVITY 7. DEMONSTRATING THE PHENOMENON OF REFERRED PAIN 1. How does the localization of this referred pain correspond to the areas served by the ulnar nerve? * The ulnar nerve is the pathway that brings signal from sensory receptors of the hand to the brain. Time of Observation | Quality of Sensation | Localization of Sensation | On immersion | Discomfort | Elbow | After 1 minute | Tingling | Elbow | After 2 minute | Tingling | Elbow | 3 min after removal | Pain | Medial Aspect of Hand |