Ntc 362 Analog And Digital Comparison Research Paper
Analog and Digital Comparison Paper
Kirk Samuda
University of Phenix
NTC/362
SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 There are so many new devices that allow the analog to digital, and digital to analog communication. These devices are needed to make the signal proper and allow for no noise on the line. This is what we call signal to noise ratio. Some of the hardware needed is some basic things, a modem is needed at a home or business, this turns analog to digital and vice versa. There is also components called DAC which means a digital to analog converter along with a ADC, which stands for analog to digital converter. These devices are needed to ensure the right signal and clear as well. The main thing digital signal uses are the binary code which is …show more content…
This means that a coder decoder is required for operation on both ends. The 56k modem utilizes traditional POTS (telephone) lines that are analogue. While your computer and websites require digital signals. The modulator or coder decoder prepares communications on both ends. The advantages of the 56k modem are it utilizes existing POTS systems, disadvantages being speed and degraded signals based on distance.
The next evolution was Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). ADSL also utilizes the traditional POTS system, but utilizes frequencies that are not used for telephone voice. Creating an advantage over the 56k modem as the telephone can be used at the same time. Similar to its predecessor using the POTS system, but ADSL uses different modulation schemes i.e. PSK and PQSK. Most of the bandwidth is used upstream to the provider which allows the user the ability to watch low quality videos allowing the user more bandwidth faster downloads, although slower upload speeds. The disadvantages of ADSL are expenses, and ADSL was not available to everyone. The external modem and twisted pair cables were not common during ADSL’s timeframe. Providers also needed repeaters to reach homes making the product …show more content…
With this new capacity for expansion, it has become important, for a new categorization of data rate transfer to be acknowledged called SONET, which is simply an Optical fiber hierarchy of circuits having the capability to redefine data transmission rates. According to a senior engineer at cisco.com, the digital hierarchy of SONET is based on Optical Carrier Level 1 (OC-1), which defines transmission rates of 51.84 Mbps. Therefore, the hierarchy starts with data rates of close to T3 speeds of 51.840 Mbps. The transmission rate of 51.840 Mbps is also called STS-1. Every OC-x transmission rate of SONET is the exact multiple of the basic speed, which creates a straightforward way of multiplexing the higher speed formats. The international hierarchy is known as SDH, with starting data rates of OC-3.
Table 1.1 Optical Carrier Data Rates
Name Data Rate (Mbps)
OC-1 51.840
OC-3 155.520
OC-3C 155.520
OC-12
Kirk Samuda
University of Phenix
NTC/362
SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 There are so many new devices that allow the analog to digital, and digital to analog communication. These devices are needed to make the signal proper and allow for no noise on the line. This is what we call signal to noise ratio. Some of the hardware needed is some basic things, a modem is needed at a home or business, this turns analog to digital and vice versa. There is also components called DAC which means a digital to analog converter along with a ADC, which stands for analog to digital converter. These devices are needed to ensure the right signal and clear as well. The main thing digital signal uses are the binary code which is …show more content…
This means that a coder decoder is required for operation on both ends. The 56k modem utilizes traditional POTS (telephone) lines that are analogue. While your computer and websites require digital signals. The modulator or coder decoder prepares communications on both ends. The advantages of the 56k modem are it utilizes existing POTS systems, disadvantages being speed and degraded signals based on distance.
The next evolution was Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). ADSL also utilizes the traditional POTS system, but utilizes frequencies that are not used for telephone voice. Creating an advantage over the 56k modem as the telephone can be used at the same time. Similar to its predecessor using the POTS system, but ADSL uses different modulation schemes i.e. PSK and PQSK. Most of the bandwidth is used upstream to the provider which allows the user the ability to watch low quality videos allowing the user more bandwidth faster downloads, although slower upload speeds. The disadvantages of ADSL are expenses, and ADSL was not available to everyone. The external modem and twisted pair cables were not common during ADSL’s timeframe. Providers also needed repeaters to reach homes making the product …show more content…
With this new capacity for expansion, it has become important, for a new categorization of data rate transfer to be acknowledged called SONET, which is simply an Optical fiber hierarchy of circuits having the capability to redefine data transmission rates. According to a senior engineer at cisco.com, the digital hierarchy of SONET is based on Optical Carrier Level 1 (OC-1), which defines transmission rates of 51.84 Mbps. Therefore, the hierarchy starts with data rates of close to T3 speeds of 51.840 Mbps. The transmission rate of 51.840 Mbps is also called STS-1. Every OC-x transmission rate of SONET is the exact multiple of the basic speed, which creates a straightforward way of multiplexing the higher speed formats. The international hierarchy is known as SDH, with starting data rates of OC-3.
Table 1.1 Optical Carrier Data Rates
Name Data Rate (Mbps)
OC-1 51.840
OC-3 155.520
OC-3C 155.520
OC-12