Technological Solutions
Banzal, S. (2007). Data and Computer Network Communication. Daryaganj, New Delhi, India:
Laxmi Publications.
T carriers, e.g., T1 and T3, are digital, leased twisted-pair lines, designed to carry voice
(via Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)) and data communications up to distances of
48miles/80km. Approximate available bandwidth for a T1 is 1.5Mbps, and for a T3,
45Mbps of available bandwidth. T1s provide 24 64Kbps channels and a T3, made up of
28 T1s, can provide 672 64Kbps channels for use. These channels can also be bonded together in multiples of 64Kbps (T1 carrier) or 1.5Mbps (T3 carrier).
T carriers are used as dedicated facilities between customer premises and Local Exchange
Carriers (LECs) and InterExchange Carriers (IXCs) providing a dedicated communications path for LEC/IXC-based voice and WAN services. T carriers can also be used as private (leased) line circuits between two customer premises.
T1/T3s could be used by NHS to provide reliable, landline-based communications between the rural office locations and a central hub, in turn providing dedicated connectivity to the New York City location. T1/T3s do need to account for cost considerations as IXCs often charge customers based on distance between the customer premises and do rely on dedicated telecommunications infrastructure being in place for service use.
Castelli, M. (2003). Network Sales and Services Handbook. Indianapolis : Cisco Press.
Cable Modem network access are two alternative ways to connect to a network service provider without using a more expensive dedicated service, e.g. T1/T3. Cable Modem networks achieve the same result of providing dedicated access to network service provider, such as an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Cable Modem networks use coaxial cable/fiber optic connections, providing broadband network access to customer premises/end-users. This broadband access is based off IEEE
802.3 (Ethernet) standards and can provide network speeds up to