Nursing Care Delivery Model

Nursing Care Delivery
Patient Centered Care and Team Nursing
Brittany Saum
Pima Medical Institute
Jim Follbaum, RN, MSN/Edu
17th of May 2012

Care Delivery
Nursing is ongoing and lifelong, for the nurse and the patient. It is not limited to the time spent in the hospital, but follows the nurse and patient for life. It is the nurse that keeps the patient going and gets to know the patient and it is the nurse that delivers the care to the patient. The importance of the way the nurse delivers this care to the patient can make all the difference to the patients stay at the hospital and whether any teaching will be affective or just overlooked. This paper is a comparison between two commonly used most effective ways of care delivery: Patient-Centered Care and Team Nursing.
Patient Centered Care
Patient centered care is simply just as it sounds, care that places the patient first. In even simpler terms, patient-centered care is a model in which hospital providers partner with patients and their families to identify and satisfy the full range of patient needs and preferences, while simultaneously supporting the professional and personal aspirations of their staff (Frampton S. , Guastello, Brady, Hale, Smith, & Stone, 2011). Patient centered care is the right care, the highest quality care and the most cost effective care for that one patient (Peraino, Robert A. MD, FACP, 2008).

Advantages of Patient Centered Care

There are many advantages to patient centered care. The main benefit is continuity of care. Patient centered care also increases nursing autonomy. In turn, it assists with relationships between the patient and nurse as well as the other health care providers involved in the patients care. Patients and families are able to develop a trusting relationship with the nurse who in turn makes it easier for the patient to recover and be happier during their stay in the hospital. Patient centered care seems to be more effective when teaching the patient as well. It allows the patient and family to be involved in their health care. This makes them more willing and compliant to continue on their regimens and get better sooner.

Disadvantages of Patient Centered Care One disadvantage of patient centered care is cost. The RNs spend time to do what an unassisted licensed personnel employee can do therefore increasing the costs. One other disadvantage is that nurse to patient ratios have to be low in order to ensure there is enough time to meet the patient’s needs. This also affects the costs on the hospital. They require more RNs daily therefore increasing patient’s costs as well as the hospitals.
Team Nursing
Team nursing care became more popular during the 1950’s. This was a way to ease the shortage of nurses and to address problems with nursing as it was. Team nursing assigns staff into different teams. A team within this model usually consists of an RN (registered nurse), a LPN (licensed practical nurse), and a UAP (unlicensed assistive personnel), (Zewekh & Claborn, 2009). The team leader supervises and coordinates all the care provided by those on the team. The team leader is in charge of making assignments for team based on client’s needs and acuity, taking in consideration the assigned nurses strengths and weaknesses. Because the team leader is responsible for delegating specific duties to staff, communication among team members is a crucial part of this type of nursing. The assignments are disscussed at beginning of shift and a meeting at end of shift is held to summerized care given during the shift and questions and comments about the shift can be made at this point.
Advantages of Team Nursing “Team nursing evolved as a way to address the problems with a functional approach,” (Zerwekh & Claborn, 2009). Team nursing is focused on making assignments based on client’s needs and the member’s. The team leader plans assignments based on acuity of clients needs by taking advantage of nurses strengths. This allows for the client to have better care. One other advantage ot this type of nursing is that the client workload is shared among the team members. This makes the work easier on all of the staff. The workload is shared allowing everyone to work smarter, not harder. It reduces room for error.
Disadvantages of Team Nursing The main disadvantage or team nursing is that the leader is untimately responsible for everyone on the team. They must continually evaluate and communicate with all members of the team to ensure that everything is running smoothly. Some team members may not care for this thinking that they are being “babysat” and non accountable. One of the basis of team nursing is to have group meetings and discussions at the beginning of shift and end of shift. This can be very time consuming which can cause problems due to financial restrictions in use of overtime.
Conclusion
In conclusion, all nursing model types work for different situations. They just need to be tailored to each individual situation. Patient Centered Nursing and Team Nursing both have everyone’s best interest in mind, the patient and the nurse. If it works for the situation then use the model deemed necessary to make everyone happy. There are advantages and disadvantages to both, and both are needed in every healthcare setting. The decision of which model the facility will use may vary, but the goal will always be the same, excellent nursing care.

References:

Frampton, S. B., & Guastello, S. (2010). Putting Patients First: Patient-Centered Care: More than the Sum of its Parts. American Journal of Nursing , 49-53.
Frampton, S., Guastello, S., Brady, C., Hale, M., Smith, S. B., & Stone, S. (2011). Patient-Centered Care Improvement Guide. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from Patient-Centered Care.Org: http://www.patient-centeredcare.org/inside/abouttheguide.html
Gannett Healthcare Group. (2012, May). Group: Team-based care works best against hypertension. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from Nurse.com: http://news.nurse.com/article/20120515/NATIONAL02/105280003
Nursing Theories. (2012, January). Models of Nursing Care Delivery. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from Current Nursing: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/models_of_nursing_care_delivery.html
Peraino, Robert A. MD, FACP (2008). Patient Centered Care. Retrieved May 16, 2012, from Patient Centered Care.net: http://patientcenteredcare.net/
Weinstock, M. (2010, March). Team - Based Care. Retrieved May 16, 2012, from Hospitals & Health Networks: http://www.hhnmag.com/hhnmag_app/jsp/articledisplay.jsp?dcrpath=HHNMAG/Article/data/03MAR2010/1003HHN_FEA_gatefold&domain=HHNMAG
Zwewekh & Claborn (2009). Nursing Today, Transitions and Trends 6th edition. St. Louis, MO. Saunders Elsevier.

References: Frampton, S. B., & Guastello, S. (2010). Putting Patients First: Patient-Centered Care: More than the Sum of its Parts. American Journal of Nursing , 49-53. Frampton, S., Guastello, S., Brady, C., Hale, M., Smith, S. B., & Stone, S. (2011). Patient-Centered Care Improvement Guide. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from Patient-Centered Care.Org: http://www.patient-centeredcare.org/inside/abouttheguide.html Gannett Healthcare Group. (2012, May). Group: Team-based care works best against hypertension. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from Nurse.com: http://news.nurse.com/article/20120515/NATIONAL02/105280003 Nursing Theories. (2012, January). Models of Nursing Care Delivery. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from Current Nursing: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/models_of_nursing_care_delivery.html Peraino, Robert A. MD, FACP (2008). Patient Centered Care. Retrieved May 16, 2012, from Patient Centered Care.net: http://patientcenteredcare.net/ Weinstock, M. (2010, March). Team - Based Care. Retrieved May 16, 2012, from Hospitals & Health Networks: http://www.hhnmag.com/hhnmag_app/jsp/articledisplay.jsp?dcrpath=HHNMAG/Article/data/03MAR2010/1003HHN_FEA_gatefold&domain=HHNMAG Zwewekh & Claborn (2009). Nursing Today, Transitions and Trends 6th edition. St. Louis, MO. Saunders Elsevier.