Cerrutti, D.T.,Staddon, J.E.R. Operant Conditioning. Annual Rev. Psychol.2003-This article examines the reversible aspects of behavior.…
There were many opportunities that could have killed the vibe of Operation Overload and could have lead to failure, but luckily it succeeded in the end. There are five specific examples that stuck out the most, and could have easily shaken up the plan. For example, the limited planning, the deception campaigns, the chosen stretch of Normandy having no ports, amplification of landing, and the American parachutists.…
Operant conditioning is the process of a behaviour in which the likelihood of a specific behaviour is increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement. The theory is based on Thorndike (1993) law of effects which state that behaviour is a function of its consequences (cited in O’ Brien 2009). Skinner used observation as a leading approach to operate…
Jess’s story is an example of operant conditioning, because most of his behaviors are voluntary. Jess had already learned how to get candies and other sweets from his dad at the grocery. This is also an example of positive reinforcement, because Jess is getting something he loves when he misbehaves and throws tantrums, which eventually increases Jess 's negative behavior in the future. Bill 's behavior can be defined as negative reinforcement, since he is giving donuts to Jess in order to get his shopping done without his son throwing tantrums. If Bill doesn 't stop dealing with Jess 's behaviors, he will not be able to control his son in the future and the problems will only increase in the future.…
Operant conditioning states that, any behaviour that produces a positive reinforcement such as food will be repeated. Behaviours that switch off something unpleasant are also likely to be repeated (negative reinforcement).…
In 1925 John Scopes challenged the Tennessee school system and the law when he decided to continue to teach Darwin’s theory of evolution although it had been banned to teach since it had went against thing written in the bible. This drew the attention of two men Clarence Darrow and William Jennings. Jennings stated that the theory of evolution isn’t fact and made students doubt their Christian faith while Darrow argued that the children should have intellectual and religious freedom. In this paper I will be arguing against Mr. Jennings because it is true that the children should have the right to learn about evolution or practise their religion as they wish.…
(2nd Q) Give the text definition of what "negative reinforcement" is in Operant conditioning (cite the textbook APA style). Differentiate it from punishment. If you can, give an example of negative reinforcement in your own life. (Hint: most people don't have a clue of what negative reinforcement is). Feel free to correct students who make cognitive errors in a response post where you correct them and cite the correct text passage to back you up). I will be…
Unlike classical conditioning, operant conditioning is voluntary. There are four types of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, time-out, and punishment. To become a balanced individual, it is important that we do not let any of our personality traits become skewed too far to one side. For example, my strongest personality trait in thinking, which is at thirty-eight percent. I could use operant conditioning to make myself more balanced between thinking and feeling. Using positive reinforcement, I could try to become more compassionate towards others, which would be my initial response, or R. The initial response would lead to the positive response of making others feel good, which would be the unconditioned stimulus. My unconditioned response would be to continue being more compassionate towards others because it makes them feel good. An example of negative reinforcement would be to start with my initial response, or R, as thinking less analytically. This would lead to a decrease in stress from always thinking analytically, which is my unconditioned stimulus. The decrease in stress would lead me to increase my less analytical thinking, which would be my unconditioned response. An example of time-out would start with the initial response, or R, of being tough-minded. This tough-mindedness would lead to the negative response of losing friends, which is the unconditioned stimulus. My loss of friends would lead to a decrease in my tough-minded behavior, which is the unconditioned response. The last type of operant conditioning is punishment. An example of using punishment to become more balanced would be to start with in initial response, or R, as only thinking reasonably and having no compassion when a friend tells me a problem they are having. This would result in the unconditioned stimulus of my friend yelling at me. My unconditioned response to this situation would be to decrease my…
A. An example of operant conditioning is the “Beyond Scared Straight” program done here in the states “from 78 to present”. (NISSEN, L., 2011)…
Operant conditioning is voluntary responses. Operant conditioning involves changing behaviors by reinforcement or punishment. Reinforcement increases the occurrence of the response. Punishment decreases the occurrence of the response.…
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in psychology, where behavior is controlled by negative or positive punishment. Main concepts in operant conditioning are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment.…
Don't touch hot things, buckling up in a car, listening to authority figures and so on become entrenched in people's lives. This is called operant conditioning is when organisms learn to associate a particular behavior with its consequence ("Module 6.3: Operant Conditioning"., n.d.). An example of positive reinforce would be like when I was a child in school and we had colored cards to indicate our behaviors. If we remained on green we would get a treat at the end of the week, but if we were in red than we did not. This is a shaping approach as it helps to reinforce specific positive behaviors that were desirable by the teacher ("Module 6.3: Operant Conditioning"., n.d.). As for a negative punishment, however, is when you want to decrease the behavior, such as when as a little kid my parents would reduce my computer time if I didn't eat all my vegetables at dinner, or if I had talked back to them ("Module 6.3: Operant Conditioning"., n.d.). The other operant conditioning reinforcements are positive punishments such a getting a speeding ticket as it's meant to decrease the behavior and the other is negative reinforcement, which trying to remove undesirable stimuli to increase a behavior ("Module 6.3: Operant Conditioning"., n.d.). These are examples of operant conditioning because of the focus on affecting behaviors as it is the process of associating one's behavior to either positive or negative…
Operant Conditioning can easily be applied to our everyday lives. “It is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.” (Myers 236) When we observe our environment and the people with-in it, we will be able to understand and comprehend actions duly. We are also able to discern the consequences of our actions.…
He laughed while tickled. Here, tickling is an unconditioned stimulus and laughter is an unconditioned response. Now, when he sees his sister, he laughs. Conditioned stimulus is seeing his sister. An example of positive reinforcement: I told my daughter to sit close to her brother and play with him as I had chores to do. She said “Sorry, Mom. I am drawing”. Then I said, “I will give you an ice-cream if you do it.” She said, “I will do it, mom”. Here, ice-cream is a rewarding stimulus to change her behavior (play with brother). Here is an example of positive punishment: I was born in Bhutan where corporal punishment was allowed at school. I was allowed to speak only in two languages (English or Dzongkha), which were not my primary languages. It was lunch time. I was playing hide and seek with my friends. While playing, in an excitement, I yelled out a Nepali word being it as my primary language. The headmaster heard me. He took me to the office and whipped on my hand several times and told me to clean pigpen. I had to carry many buckets of water and clean pig’s sty with big pigs in it. After that day, I was aware to use my primary language at school. Here, aversive stimulus, whipping and cleaning pig’s sty is added to decrease my behavior of using my mother tongue. Here is an example of negative punishment: I told my daughter…
“Operant conditioning is a theory of learning that generally follows “Thorndyke’s Law of Effect”. This law states that behaviors that are positively reinforced will become more likely to occur and behaviors that are negatively reinforced will become less likely to occur.” (Johnson, D. 1999). Skinner referred to operant conditioning as being the way animals learn. In general there are four things that change behaviors: positive reinforcement, negative punishment, positive punishment and negative reinforcement.…