Each person has more or less lasting and fixed traits that help predict their attitudes and behaviors. Organizations also have personalities, which are referred to as “cultures.” Organizational cultures govern how that organization’s members behave.
Organizational Culture is defined as a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. There are seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization's culture and this becomes the basis for the feelings of shared understanding that members have about the organization, how things are done in it, and the way members are supposed to behave.5
Innovation and Risk Taking is the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks. Attention to Detail is the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail.
Outcome Orientation is the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. People Orientation is the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.
Team Orientation is the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals.
Aggressiveness is the degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easy-going.
Stability is the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth. 12
Layers of Organizational Culture
Culture is a system of shared meaning, therefore individuals of dissimilar backgrounds or at varying levels in the organization should describe the organization's culture in similar terms despite their differences but this doesn't mean however that an organization's culture is completely uniform.
The dominant culture is the overall organizational culture as expressed by the core