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Chapter 6 Primates
What is a primate?
Primatology
Evolutionary trends—these are part of a continuum
4 categories of primate traits:
1. Locomotor
2. Dietary
3. Sensory
4. Behavioral/life history
1. What are the locomotor trends of the primates?
Types of locomotion Brachiation Suspensory climbing VCL--what does this stand for? Arboreal quadrupedalism Terrestrial quadrupedalism Knuckle-walking quadrupedalism Bipedalism
Limb proportions
Location of the foramen magnum—what does it indicate for locomotion?
Prehensile
Pentadactyly
Opposable thumb
Nails vs claws
2. Dietary
Omnivorous
Generalized teeth
4 basic tooth types Dental formula
3. Sensory
More complex brain
Depth perception Stereoscopic vision Binocular vision
Smell—olfaction
Is smell emphasized or reduced?
Vision
Is vision emphasized or reduced?
Touch—nails vs claws
4. Behavioral/life history
Extended lifespan
Fewer offspring
Long period of infant dependency—altricial (vs precoical ex. Puppies) k-selection Delayed maturation
Most are diurnal
Live in social groups
Taxonomy—learn the chart on page 155
Prosimian vs Anthropoid
Or Sterpsirhine vs Haplorhine
What characteristics separate the groupings?
Order—Primates 2 suborders 2 infraorders of Haplorhines 2 superfamilies of Catarrhines 3 families of Hominoidea
Order—Primates
Suborders— Strepsirrhini Superfamily—Lemuroidea and Lorisoidea Haplorhini Infraorders—Anthropoidea and Tarsiformes
Anthropoidea Parvorder-- Platyrhini (New World Monkeys) Catarhini (Old World Monkeys, Apes and Humans)
Catarhini Superfamilies-- Cercopithecoidea (Old World Monkeys) Hominoidea (Apes and Humans)
Hominoidea Family-- Hylobatidae (gibbons and siamangs) Hominoidea (great apes and humans)
Hominoidea Subfamily-- Ponginae Genus—Pongo Species--pygmaeus Gorillinae Genus—Gorilla Species--gorilla Homininae tribes—Panini Hominini
What is a primate?
Primatology
Evolutionary trends—these are part of a continuum
4 categories of primate traits:
1. Locomotor
2. Dietary
3. Sensory
4. Behavioral/life history
1. What are the locomotor trends of the primates?
Types of locomotion Brachiation Suspensory climbing VCL--what does this stand for? Arboreal quadrupedalism Terrestrial quadrupedalism Knuckle-walking quadrupedalism Bipedalism
Limb proportions
Location of the foramen magnum—what does it indicate for locomotion?
Prehensile
Pentadactyly
Opposable thumb
Nails vs claws
2. Dietary
Omnivorous
Generalized teeth
4 basic tooth types Dental formula
3. Sensory
More complex brain
Depth perception Stereoscopic vision Binocular vision
Smell—olfaction
Is smell emphasized or reduced?
Vision
Is vision emphasized or reduced?
Touch—nails vs claws
4. Behavioral/life history
Extended lifespan
Fewer offspring
Long period of infant dependency—altricial (vs precoical ex. Puppies) k-selection Delayed maturation
Most are diurnal
Live in social groups
Taxonomy—learn the chart on page 155
Prosimian vs Anthropoid
Or Sterpsirhine vs Haplorhine
What characteristics separate the groupings?
Order—Primates 2 suborders 2 infraorders of Haplorhines 2 superfamilies of Catarrhines 3 families of Hominoidea
Order—Primates
Suborders— Strepsirrhini Superfamily—Lemuroidea and Lorisoidea Haplorhini Infraorders—Anthropoidea and Tarsiformes
Anthropoidea Parvorder-- Platyrhini (New World Monkeys) Catarhini (Old World Monkeys, Apes and Humans)
Catarhini Superfamilies-- Cercopithecoidea (Old World Monkeys) Hominoidea (Apes and Humans)
Hominoidea Family-- Hylobatidae (gibbons and siamangs) Hominoidea (great apes and humans)
Hominoidea Subfamily-- Ponginae Genus—Pongo Species--pygmaeus Gorillinae Genus—Gorilla Species--gorilla Homininae tribes—Panini Hominini