time since that pain system is fully established, yet the higher-level pain-modifying system has barely begun to develop” *cite*. Another doctor, David Birnbach, president of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, states, “On occasion, we need to administer anesthesia directly to the fetus because even at these early ages the fetus moves away from the pain of stimulation” *cite*.
time since that pain system is fully established, yet the higher-level pain-modifying system has barely begun to develop” *cite*. Another doctor, David Birnbach, president of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, states, “On occasion, we need to administer anesthesia directly to the fetus because even at these early ages the fetus moves away from the pain of stimulation” *cite*.