Para Lec Reviewer

Four major types of parasites: * Helminthes * Nematodes * Round worms * Cylindrical * Blood, tissue and intestinal * Trematodes * Flukes * Leaf-like worms * Flat worms * Cestodes * Flat or tapeworms * Segmented * Protozoans (non-helminthes) * Imaginary parasites * Malarial parasites * Miscellaneous parasites * Immuno-compromised parasites

3 Stages of eggs: 1. Unfertilized 2. Fertilized 3. Embryonated

Hookworm Males: have an extension of the posterior portion (flare)

Larvae Stages (diagnosis): * SS. – strongyloides stercoralis * HK. – hook worm

Elephantiasis – blood nematode

Filarial Worms – blood tissue worm

Capillaria Filipinensis * Native parasite * Causes severe diarrhea

Amoeba Histolytica * Causes amoebiasis

TREMATODES * Hermaphrodites * Both male and female organs are in adult form

NEMATODES * Ascaris * Trichuris * Enterobius

Ascaris lumbricoides

COMMON NAME: Giant Intestinal Roundworm
HABITAT: duodenum / small intestine
LIFE SPAN: 12 months
MODE OF ATTACHMENT: Embeds themselves in the intestinal folds

CHARACTERISTICS: * Round/Cylindrical * Biggest round worms

Eggs * 3 layers of Vitelline Membrane: * Lipoidal Layer * Glycogen Layer / Chitin Layer * Mammiliated Albumin Coat * 3 Stages: * Unfertilized * Elongated * Thin shell protects the inner amorphous mass of protoplasm * Unembryonated * Presence of lecithin granules (refractile granules) * Usually corticated * Fertilized * Pronounced glycogen layer and albumin coat * Rounder * Covered by chitin * Undeveloped unicellular embryo * May be corticated or decorticated

* Embryonated * Decorticated * Infective