PCR determination of Rh
Abstract
Rhesus typing is an important clinical technique which involves finding out whether some ones blood is RhD+ve or RhD-ve, it is important to find this out as it can have serious health complications if blood that is un compatible is mixed, either during pregnancy or transfusions. This experiment involved using the techniques of PCR to amplify the DNA collected, using electrophoresis to separate the DNA and using markers and positive controls of known size to determine the size of fragments produced, which in turn can determine the Rhesus status of a sample of DNA. The results of the experiment showed that both DNA samples produced bands at 1200bp and 600bp meaning that the DNA contains the genes CcEe and D, therefore it can be concluded that the rhesus status of both individuals was found to be RhD+ve.
Introduction
The grouping and typing of blood is very clinically important and happens routinely in haematology/blood transfusion laboratories. Blood is grouped according to the ABO blood grouping system and blood is typed according to the Rhesus blood grouping system. Blood groups are determined by a protein (antigen) on the surface of the red cell. So, the ABO system has A and B antigens and the RhD system has the D antigen. 85% of people have the D antigen on their red blood cells and are RhD positive. The remaining 15% lack the D antigen and are RhD negative. Your blood group is defined by your ABO group together with your RhD group. For instance, someone who is group A and RhD negative is known as A negative. (NHS) This information is clinically important as it can affect blood donations, blood transfusions and pregnancy.
The rhesus (Rh) status of mothers is highly important due to haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). A major cause of HDN is incompatibility of Rh blood group of mother and foetus. The most common incompatibility and thus cause of HDN is caused by the RhD antigen, however other antigens such as C,c,E and E can cause a problem in
Rhesus typing is an important clinical technique which involves finding out whether some ones blood is RhD+ve or RhD-ve, it is important to find this out as it can have serious health complications if blood that is un compatible is mixed, either during pregnancy or transfusions. This experiment involved using the techniques of PCR to amplify the DNA collected, using electrophoresis to separate the DNA and using markers and positive controls of known size to determine the size of fragments produced, which in turn can determine the Rhesus status of a sample of DNA. The results of the experiment showed that both DNA samples produced bands at 1200bp and 600bp meaning that the DNA contains the genes CcEe and D, therefore it can be concluded that the rhesus status of both individuals was found to be RhD+ve.
Introduction
The grouping and typing of blood is very clinically important and happens routinely in haematology/blood transfusion laboratories. Blood is grouped according to the ABO blood grouping system and blood is typed according to the Rhesus blood grouping system. Blood groups are determined by a protein (antigen) on the surface of the red cell. So, the ABO system has A and B antigens and the RhD system has the D antigen. 85% of people have the D antigen on their red blood cells and are RhD positive. The remaining 15% lack the D antigen and are RhD negative. Your blood group is defined by your ABO group together with your RhD group. For instance, someone who is group A and RhD negative is known as A negative. (NHS) This information is clinically important as it can affect blood donations, blood transfusions and pregnancy.
The rhesus (Rh) status of mothers is highly important due to haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). A major cause of HDN is incompatibility of Rh blood group of mother and foetus. The most common incompatibility and thus cause of HDN is caused by the RhD antigen, however other antigens such as C,c,E and E can cause a problem in