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Perennialism

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Perennialism
Braches Aspect | Perennialism | Essentialism | Progressivism | Reconstructivism | Existentialism | School of thought | Traditional | Traditional | Modern | Modern | Modern | Influenced by | Opinion due to materialism and pragmatism. | Idealism and realism | Naturalism and pragmatism | Educational philosophy | Based on Rousseaus’s naturalism and humanism. | Pioneer | * R. M. Hutching * Mortimer J. Alder * Jacques Maritain | * William C. Bagley * Thomas Briggs * Frederick Breed * Isac L. Kandel | Naturalism * Jean J. Rousseau * Heinrich Pestalozzi * Freidrich FroebelPragmatism * John Dewey * William H. Kilpatrik * Boyd H. Bode * Harold V. Rugg | * George S. Counts * Harold O. Rugg | * Carl Rogers | Focus | Emphasize the development of rationality of individuals. | Reformation and innovation school curriculum. | Stress that learning outcome of a person was influenced by surrounding. | Emphasize on discussion technique and use critical and creative thinking skills to solve problems. | Emphasize on the development of human qualities. | Aim of Education | * To discipline students mentally and spiritually, develop their potential in reasoning. * To foster moral behaviour, master learning materials, train students to master the 3R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic) | Teachers play a primary role. * To assist pupils to acquire the necessary skills and basic qualities of adulthood. * To adopt democratic leadership style, carry out their duties in teaching enthusiastically, create conducive atmosphere in teaching-learning activities. * Possess adequate academic qualification, emotional intelligence, and understand the psychological development of children and adolescence | Naturalism : * Environment influence the child’s future behaviour. * In order to produce well- rounded, self- reliant, free thinking citizens, the school authority should implement an education system based on the philosophy of

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