Pericardial Effusion Research Paper

Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the "sac-like structure" called, pericardial cavity. According to the article, "What to know: Pericardial Effusion," the pericardial fluid, "helps the heart move easier within the sac," (“Pericardial effusion”). This condition can result from many different reasons. "Inflammation of the pericardium following heart surgery or heat attack, autoimmune disorders, spread of cancer, viral or bacterial infections," (Clinic, 2016), are all possible reasons that cause pericardial effusion. One of the main symptoms that people will experience is chest pain, when breathing or leaning forward. Others may experience fever, fatigue, muscle aches, shortness of breath, vomiting, nausea, and even diarrhea. These
A doctor can perform a physical exam to check if the heart's beating is abnormal; however, pericardial effusion is usually not found in a physical examination. Therefore, many doctors perform other tests such as: electrocardiogram (EKG), chest x-ray film, and other imaging technologies to identify the cause and suggest appropriate treatment. Treatment, like most diseases, depends on its severity and cause in order to correct the problem. Medications such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can help reduce inflammation if there's no immediate threat to develop cardiac tamponade. However, if the issue is more serious and there are more fluid causing symptoms, the procedure "Pericardiocentesis" can help drain the fluid, using a catheter. Other treatments include: open heart surgery, opening the layers, and removing the pericardium. Even though most cases of pericardial effusion cannot be prevented, patients can lower their chances of developing more severe forms of this disease by getting immediate treatment and take the necessary precautions to stay as healthiest as