Phonetics and phonology paper
This seminar paper will be describing connected speech phenomena, allophones, syllables and consonants according to Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology by Paul Skandera and Peter Burleigh, English Phonetics and Phonology by Peter Roach and Phonetics and Phonology by Višnja Josipović. The paper will also deal with the linear/non -linear analysis. In addition to terms mentioned above the paper will be dealing with few examples of phonetic transcription.
Connected speech
A lot of phonetic description is based on examination of small, isolated pieces of spoken material such as syllables and words. It is necessary to look also at how these small components are pronounced when a person is speaking naturally and producing continuous speech. The pronunciation of an item of speech is often modified by factors such as rhythm, assimilation and situational factors such as the amount of background noise. The study of connected speech is therefore a very important part of phonetics.
According to Rough, Skandera and Burleigh there are five aspects of connected speech:
-linking – some authors use the term liaison; it refers to a transition of link between sounds or words. It is merely a transition between words in connected speech, particularly when this involves as unusual phonetic feature, according to Skandera and Burleigh. Rough says that the most familiar case is the use of linking r, for example: 'here ' hĪɘ. Furthermore, many Rp speakers use r in a similar way to link words ending with a vowel even where there is no “justification“ from the spelling. This has been called intrusive r. For example: 'media event ' mi:dIɘr Ivent. -strong and weak forms – a strong form is the pronunciation variant of a given word which contains a strong vowel, and from which no sounds have been omitted. A weak form, on the other hand, is a pronunciation variant which contains a weak vowel, or from which one or more sounds have been omitted, according to the Manual.
Connected speech
A lot of phonetic description is based on examination of small, isolated pieces of spoken material such as syllables and words. It is necessary to look also at how these small components are pronounced when a person is speaking naturally and producing continuous speech. The pronunciation of an item of speech is often modified by factors such as rhythm, assimilation and situational factors such as the amount of background noise. The study of connected speech is therefore a very important part of phonetics.
According to Rough, Skandera and Burleigh there are five aspects of connected speech:
-linking – some authors use the term liaison; it refers to a transition of link between sounds or words. It is merely a transition between words in connected speech, particularly when this involves as unusual phonetic feature, according to Skandera and Burleigh. Rough says that the most familiar case is the use of linking r, for example: 'here ' hĪɘ. Furthermore, many Rp speakers use r in a similar way to link words ending with a vowel even where there is no “justification“ from the spelling. This has been called intrusive r. For example: 'media event ' mi:dIɘr Ivent. -strong and weak forms – a strong form is the pronunciation variant of a given word which contains a strong vowel, and from which no sounds have been omitted. A weak form, on the other hand, is a pronunciation variant which contains a weak vowel, or from which one or more sounds have been omitted, according to the Manual.
References: 1)Roach, Peter (2005), English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course. (4th edition) Cambridge: CUP. 2)Skandera, Paul & Peter Burleigh (2005), A Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology. Tuebingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. 3)Josipović, Višnja (1999), Phonetics and Phonology for Students of English. Zagreb: Targa. 4)Roach, Peter Glossary of phonetic terms from English Phonetics and Phonology.