Photonic Crystal Detection
Letter pubs.acs.org/ac
Disposable Immunochips for the Detection of Legionella pneumophila Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Nan Li,† Arujun Brahmendra,‡ Anthony J. Veloso,† Akriti Prashar,‡ Xin R. Cheng,† Vinci W. S. Hung,† Cyril Guyard,§,⊥ Mauricio Terebiznik,‡ and Kagan Kerman*,†,‡
†
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada § Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (OAHPP), 81A Resource Road, Toronto, ON, M9P 3T1, Canada ⊥ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
S * Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: The rapid diagnosis of Legionellosis is crucial for the effective treatment of this disease. Currently, most clinical laboratories utilize rapid immunoassays that are sufficient for the detection of Legionella serogroup 1, but not other clinically relevant serogroups. In this report, the development of a disposable immunochip system is described in connection with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The immunochips were prepared by covalently immobilizing fluorophore-conjugated L. pneumophila antibodies on Au chips. The analytical performance of the immunochips was optimized as a prescreening tool for L. pneumophila. The versatile immunochips described here can be easily adapted for the monitoring of all Legionella serogroups in clinical and environmental samples.
he genus Legionella pneumophila comprises more than 50 species and 70 serogroups that inhabit natural and human engineered aquatic environments.1 A review of drinking waterassociated diseases in United States showed that Legionella accounted for 29% of outbreaks from 2001 to 2006.2 Legionella is parasitic in protozoan organisms and infects humans through the inhalation of contaminated aerosolized droplets of water. This opportunistic pathogen targets
Disposable Immunochips for the Detection of Legionella pneumophila Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Nan Li,† Arujun Brahmendra,‡ Anthony J. Veloso,† Akriti Prashar,‡ Xin R. Cheng,† Vinci W. S. Hung,† Cyril Guyard,§,⊥ Mauricio Terebiznik,‡ and Kagan Kerman*,†,‡
†
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada § Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (OAHPP), 81A Resource Road, Toronto, ON, M9P 3T1, Canada ⊥ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
S * Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: The rapid diagnosis of Legionellosis is crucial for the effective treatment of this disease. Currently, most clinical laboratories utilize rapid immunoassays that are sufficient for the detection of Legionella serogroup 1, but not other clinically relevant serogroups. In this report, the development of a disposable immunochip system is described in connection with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The immunochips were prepared by covalently immobilizing fluorophore-conjugated L. pneumophila antibodies on Au chips. The analytical performance of the immunochips was optimized as a prescreening tool for L. pneumophila. The versatile immunochips described here can be easily adapted for the monitoring of all Legionella serogroups in clinical and environmental samples.
he genus Legionella pneumophila comprises more than 50 species and 70 serogroups that inhabit natural and human engineered aquatic environments.1 A review of drinking waterassociated diseases in United States showed that Legionella accounted for 29% of outbreaks from 2001 to 2006.2 Legionella is parasitic in protozoan organisms and infects humans through the inhalation of contaminated aerosolized droplets of water. This opportunistic pathogen targets
References: (1) Benson, R. F.; Fields, B. S. Semin. Respir. Infect. 1998, 13, 90−99. (2) Craun, J. M.; Brukard, J. S.; Yoder, V. A.; Roberts, J.; Carpenter, T.; Wade, R. L.; Calderon, J. M. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2010, 23, 507− 528. (3) Lau, H. Y.; Ashbolt, N. J. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2009, 107, 368−378. 3488 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac3003227 | Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 3485−3488