Devlin TM; Editor: Textbook of Biochemistry :with Clinical Correlations; 6th Edition, 2006, Wiley-Liss: Hoboken, N.J., USA.…
Photosynthesis is a process to which some autotrophs such as plants produce their own food. It has two stages or reactions light-dependent and light-dependent reactions. The light dependent reactions are the first stage, where energy from sunlight is captures in Photosystem 2 and then 1, the electrons generated in Photosystem 1 then moves along the electron transport chain. The moving of electrons causes a hydrogen ion gradient that is used in the final step to produce ATP, by the ATP Synthase. The equation for this reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6+6O2 or, carbon dioxide +water sugars + oxygen . This reaction takes place on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and uses energy from sunlight to produce compounds like ATP and NADPH. The second stage of photosynthesis is the Calvin Cycle, which takes place in the stoma of the chloroplast. This stage is light-independent or it does not need energy from sunlight. During this reaction ATP and NADPH from Stage 1are used to produce high energy sugars. The reaction is 3CO2 + 6NADPH + 5H2O + 9ATP G3P + 2H+ + 6NADP+ + 9ADP + 8Pi . Additionally, the three limiting factors of photosynthesis are the light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the temperature. Lastly, the items used in this particular experiment were baking soda to provide CO2, a light to excite the electrons in stage 1, distilled…
If you grow yeast in a sealed test tube filled with water and a food source, do you think these growth conditions are aerobic or anaerobic?…
What is the goal of this lab? What question are you trying to answer, or what problem are you trying to explain?…
4) We selected to test the effect of different concentrations of bicarbonate (baking soda) in the leaf disk solutions.…
AIM: to investigate the effect of light intensity (lux) on the amount of oxygen produced (number of bubbles)…
The objective of this study was to figure out how different light colors affected the rate of photosynthesis in spinach leaves. This was done by taking leaf disks, removing the CO2 and sinking them in beakers. One beaker filled with regular water, the other filled with a mixture of water and sodium bicarbonate. The beakers were then placed in front of the light sources and the amount of disks floating was recorded every minute. In our study the disks exposed to the red light started to float sooner than the…
4. Conclusion: Altering wavelength created a change in ATP synthesis, where 400 nm light allowed for the most ATP. Altering light intensity had no obvious effect and ATP production hovered at 1-3. My prediction was correct, with wavelength having a greater effect on ATP production than light…
I. Identifying the Effects of Different Variables of Light and Carbon Dioxide on the Rate of…
I predicted that if the decolorization of DPIP is caused by photosynthesis and not cell respiration and spinach extract containing chloroplasts and mitochondria is incubated with DPIP, then the rate of DPIP decolorization should be higher if in bright light verses dark light because DPIP is reduced by photosynthesis and not by the mitochondria or any other cellular function. If DPIP was only decolorized by chloroplasts, then the percent transmittance of chloroplast suspensions would be a lot higher than the data we collected. If DPIP was only decolorized by mitochondria, then the percent transmittance of chloroplast suspensions would end up looking like a straight, horizontal line across the graph because photosynthesis would not occur without the chloroplasts. If DPIP was decolorized by both mitochondria and chloroplasts, then the percent transmittance of chloroplast suspensions would be a gradual increase, and the graph would be a line going up at a steady rate. The data I collected does not support my hypothesis because I said the rate of DPIP decolorization should be higher if in bright light verses dark light, and based on the look of my graph, my hypothesis was incorrect because Cuvette 3 and 4 (unboiled/light and boiled/light) do not both have a higher percent transmittance. Cuvette 3 does have a higher transmittance, however Cuvette 4 stays for the most part, the same and does not have an increase in percent transmittance. For Cuvette 2 (unboiled/dark), from 0 to 5 minutes, it increased fast but then leveled off from 5 to 15 minutes. Cuvette 3 (unboiled/light), it had a steady but fast increase for the entire amount of time, from 0 to 15 minutes. Cuvette 4 (boiled/light) it had a very slight increase from 0 to 5 minutes, but then mostly leveled off from 5 to 15 minutes. Cuvette 5 (no chloroplasts) actually had a very slight decrease in the transmittance, but for the most part stayed leveled off. The graph looks as it was expected to look with…
The lung is a spongy organ made up of of irregularly shaped air spaces called Alveoli. The alveoli are lined by a single layer of flat cells and supported by a mesh of fine elastic fibers. The alveoli are surrounded by a rich network of pulmonary capillaries (Couch and Berger, 2004). Our lungs are a network of connected tubes that bring oxygen from the air into our blood, nourishing the trillions of cells that make up our bodies. The lungs also clean the blood of carbon dioxide waste created when cells use oxygen (Natural Geographic, 2012).…
Chapter 7 and 8 discuss and give in depth details on photosynthesis and cellular respiration. They are the exact opposites in what they set out to complete in the cells of a leaf. Photosynthesis takes light energy and separates it in the chloroplasts to create glucose. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to provide energy for the cell. The similarities between them include overlap in some of the enzymes and products and reactants utilized. The differences include the cycles and steps taken to produce the final products.…
A common misconception by the supporters of the 2003 Medical Malpractice Tort Reform Act was that medical malpractice litigation was responsible for increasing healthcare costs and limited access to care. In retrospect, tort reform did have a number of demonstrable effects. The effect on health care administrators, patients and lawyers, and the current and future economic impact greatly outweigh the benefits of tort reform.…
Abstract: Two parts of this lab were performed involving photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The first part of the lab consisted of cutting out spinach leaf disks with a straw and then putting them into syringes containing an infiltration solution and sodium bicarbonate. Then the syringes were place under the presence of light and watched as certain disks floated. This part of the lab consisted of watching photosynthesis take place. Then for the second part of the lab we tested cellular respiration by putting the syringes in box containing no light and then waited for the spinach disks to sink.…
The purpose of the experiment is to determine the effects of sugar on photosynthesis in Elodea. Sugar water with Elodea, water with Elodea, and water (control) are used to test for photosynthesis. Five drops of sugar water were added to sugar water with Elodea beaker. The three beakers were left under normal light for photosynthesis to occur. After 60 minutes, NaOH solution was added to each beaker to test the volume of CO2.…