physics investigatory
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Abhishek Pratap Singh of
Class XΙΙ has satisfactorily completed the project on “LOGIC GATES” under the guidance of Sir
SHER SINGH during the session 2012-2013.
VALUED BY
TEACHER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
DATE:
PRINCIPAL
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I'd like to express my greatest gratitude to the people who have helped & supported me throughout my project. I’ m grateful to our school’s PHYSICS faculty
Sir SHER SINGH. For his continuous support for the project, from initial advice & encouragement to this day. Special thanks of mine goes to my colleague who helped me in completing the project by giving interesting ideas, thoughts& made this project easy and accurate. I wish to thanks my parents for their undivided support
& Interest who inspired me & encouraged me to go my own way without which I would be unable to complete my project. At last but not the least I want to thanks my friends who appreciated me for my work & motivated me and finally to God who made all the things possible...
CONTENTS
•Introduction
1.
• Experiment
2.
• Aim
• Apparatus
• Theory
• Procedure
• Observations
• Result
INTRODUCTION
Logic Gates:
A gate is a digital circuit that follows curtain logical relationship between the input and output voltages. Therefore, they are generally known as logic gates — gates because they control the flow of information.
The five common logic gates used are NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR. Each logic gate is indicated by a symbol and its function is defined by a truth table that shows all the possible input logic level combinations with their respective output logic levels. Truth tables help understand the behavior of logic gates.
(i)
NOT gate (Inverter)
This is the most basic gate, with one input and one output.
It produces a ‘1’ output if the input is ‘0’ and vice-versa.
That is, it produces an inverted version of the input at its output.
Input
Output
A
0
This is to certify that Mr. Abhishek Pratap Singh of
Class XΙΙ has satisfactorily completed the project on “LOGIC GATES” under the guidance of Sir
SHER SINGH during the session 2012-2013.
VALUED BY
TEACHER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
DATE:
PRINCIPAL
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I'd like to express my greatest gratitude to the people who have helped & supported me throughout my project. I’ m grateful to our school’s PHYSICS faculty
Sir SHER SINGH. For his continuous support for the project, from initial advice & encouragement to this day. Special thanks of mine goes to my colleague who helped me in completing the project by giving interesting ideas, thoughts& made this project easy and accurate. I wish to thanks my parents for their undivided support
& Interest who inspired me & encouraged me to go my own way without which I would be unable to complete my project. At last but not the least I want to thanks my friends who appreciated me for my work & motivated me and finally to God who made all the things possible...
CONTENTS
•Introduction
1.
• Experiment
2.
• Aim
• Apparatus
• Theory
• Procedure
• Observations
• Result
INTRODUCTION
Logic Gates:
A gate is a digital circuit that follows curtain logical relationship between the input and output voltages. Therefore, they are generally known as logic gates — gates because they control the flow of information.
The five common logic gates used are NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR. Each logic gate is indicated by a symbol and its function is defined by a truth table that shows all the possible input logic level combinations with their respective output logic levels. Truth tables help understand the behavior of logic gates.
(i)
NOT gate (Inverter)
This is the most basic gate, with one input and one output.
It produces a ‘1’ output if the input is ‘0’ and vice-versa.
That is, it produces an inverted version of the input at its output.
Input
Output
A
0