Piaget's Stages Of Cognitive Development Essay
In Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, there are four stages of cognitive development including The Sensorimotor Stage (0 to 2 years old), Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years old), Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years old) and Formal Operational Stage (11 years and older). Piaget’s study (as cited in Cook& Cook, 2005) found that in the Sensorimotor Stage, infants acquire knowledge through their own sensory input (see, smell, taste, touch, and hear) and their physical or motor actions on it (e.g. sucking, reaching, and grasping). In this stage, object permanence started to exist in the toddlers where they know that the objects continue to be in the location where it is hidden. On the Preoperational Stage, mental functions are developing
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and the beginnings of logic thinking based on their intuitive thought which means based on their personal experience. Preoperational children are not able to understand that other people’s perspectives might be different from their own which we called as egocentrism. Children at this age faces inability to conserve and learn through pretend play. The next stage will be the Concrete Operational Stage which is a changing point in children's cognitive development where their thoughts become more flexible and organized. Children can have to ability to conserve of the number, liquid and size. They will also be able to classify things into their subgroup such as the collection of rocks, bottle caps and stamps are common at this age.
Children at this age can also seriate mentally which is called as transitive inference, a process where they make comparisons then inference the relation among objects such as height of two objects. The last stage will be the Formal Operational Stage that from the age of 11 onwards, people are able to do hypothetico-deductive reasoning. People start to make logical inferences based on the hypothesis or variables and then conclude based on the inferences they have made (Berk, 2013). Adolescents also involve in abstract thinking where they think about things that are not real or starting forming abstract concepts such as truth, justice or fairness. Piaget’s study (as cited in Cook& Cook, 2005) described that there are two forms of adolescent egocentrism. The first is the imaginary audience. Adolescents believe that people are paying attention to their behaviour or looks that sometimes leads to high level of self-consciousness. The second adolescent egocentrism is the facet of personal fable. Adolescents tend to believe that they and their newly abstract thoughts are unique and that they are invulnerable where they believe nothing bad will happen to
them.
and the beginnings of logic thinking based on their intuitive thought which means based on their personal experience. Preoperational children are not able to understand that other people’s perspectives might be different from their own which we called as egocentrism. Children at this age faces inability to conserve and learn through pretend play. The next stage will be the Concrete Operational Stage which is a changing point in children's cognitive development where their thoughts become more flexible and organized. Children can have to ability to conserve of the number, liquid and size. They will also be able to classify things into their subgroup such as the collection of rocks, bottle caps and stamps are common at this age.
Children at this age can also seriate mentally which is called as transitive inference, a process where they make comparisons then inference the relation among objects such as height of two objects. The last stage will be the Formal Operational Stage that from the age of 11 onwards, people are able to do hypothetico-deductive reasoning. People start to make logical inferences based on the hypothesis or variables and then conclude based on the inferences they have made (Berk, 2013). Adolescents also involve in abstract thinking where they think about things that are not real or starting forming abstract concepts such as truth, justice or fairness. Piaget’s study (as cited in Cook& Cook, 2005) described that there are two forms of adolescent egocentrism. The first is the imaginary audience. Adolescents believe that people are paying attention to their behaviour or looks that sometimes leads to high level of self-consciousness. The second adolescent egocentrism is the facet of personal fable. Adolescents tend to believe that they and their newly abstract thoughts are unique and that they are invulnerable where they believe nothing bad will happen to
them.