Piezoelectric Effect Research Paper

Potholes are caused due to poor quality and badly maintained roads. The constant movement of the overweight vehicles like trucks is also responsible for these ill roads. This ill quality roads will cause severe damage to the vehicles in terms of tyres and the shock absorbers and most important thing is the accidents which is caused due to this. A system called Pothole Detection System which detects holes on roads or uneven roads. So that it helps in maintain the roads in a good condition. Here two sensors accelerometer and vibration records holes location on roads by detecting movement differences of vehicle. In addition, GPS module is present which stores the location of pothole and also records the longitude and latitude
Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various processes. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research and development in many different industries. Although the piezoelectric effect was discovered by Curie in 1880, it was only in the 1950s that the piezoelectric effect started to be used for industrial sensing applications. Since then, this measuring principle has been increasingly used and can be regarded as a mature technology with an outstanding inherent
In the automotive industry, piezoelectric elements are used to monitor combustion when developing internal combustion engines. The sensors are either directly mounted into additional holes into the cylinder head or the spark/glow plug is equipped with a built in miniature piezoelectric sensor The rise of piezoelectric technology is directly related to a set of inherent advantages. The high modulus of elasticity of many piezoelectric materials is comparable to that of many metals and goes up to 10e6 N/m². Even though piezoelectric sensors are electromechanical systems that react to compression, the sensing elements show almost zero deflection. This is the reason why piezoelectric sensors are so rugged, have an extremely high natural frequency and an excellent linearity over a wide amplitude range. Additionally, piezoelectric technology is insensitive to electromagnetic fields and radiation, enabling measurements under harsh conditions. Some materials used (especially gallium phosphate or tourmaline) have an extreme stability even at high temperature, enabling sensors to have a working range of up to