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Pig Lab

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Pig Lab
Pig I; external anatomy, skeleton, digestion

Anatomy of a pig

Pig digestive system

Tongue
• For taste
• Pushing food into the esophagus

Papillae
• Rough edges of that tongue that contain the taste buds

Hard and soft palate
• Separate the nasopharynx from the mouth

Parotid gland
• Secretes saliva (amylase enzyme) which breaks down starches into sugar

Stomach
• Stores food
• Begins digestion of tissues and proteins by secretion of gastric juices. These juices are very acidic (pH 1-2). The semi-digested stomach contents are called chyme

Esophagus
• Transports food from the mouth to the stomach. Waves of involuntary muscle contraction (peristalsis) push food down the esophagus Pylorus
• A muscle that regulates the flow of chyme into the small intestine

Duodenum
• The section of the small intestine immediately below the stomach. Digestive juices from the gallbladder, liver, pancreas and gland cells in the intestinal wall mix here with chyme to continue with digestion

Pancreas
• As a digestive organ, the pancreas secretes hydrolytic enzymes and a buffer into the duodenum. The pancreas also acts as an endocrine gland

Liver
• Regulating blood sugar levels
• Converting lactic acid to glycogen
• Lipid regulation
• Deamination of amino acids
• Detoxifying / storing toxins
• Manufacturing plasma proteins
• Manufacturing plasma lipid cholesterol
• Storing vitamins and iron
• Forming red blood cells in embryos
• Destroying old red blood cells
• Excreting bile pigments and salt

Small intestine
• The primary site of hydrolysis of food and absorption of nutrients

Large intestine
• Collects the waste from the small intestine and reabsorbs water

Caecum
• Analogous to the human appendix
• In herbivores it contains microorganisms capable of digesting cellulose

Colon
• The end of the large intestine which ducts the waste out of the
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