Looking up in the Merriam Webster dictionary justice is defined as "the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments". The fact that the word itself is being used for its definition explains how ambiguous the concept of justice can get. It is because of the very same reason that some time between the years of 470 to 399 BC a very well-known argument took place in Piraeus. The mentioned years are the time period that Socrates lived, the argument evolves mainly on the concept of justice and the goal is to come to an operational account for it. Throughout this argument lots of accounts are given by different participants, which all get opposed by Socrates. Two of these contributors are Thrasymachus and Glaucon. The former argues that "justice is the advantage of the stronger" while the latter argues that justice is not something practiced for its own sake (intrinsic good) but something one engages in out of fear of its consequences (extrinsic good). As seen in book one and two of Republic, Plato's…
The Apology is one of the numerous recorded writings about Socrates. It talks about the trail of Socrates who is arrested on the charges corrupting the youth, not believing in the gods of the lord, and for being a Sophist. Socrates is not believed to have written any books; the apology was written by his student Plato who was at his trial. In this paper, I will discuss I will be talking about the charges laid against Socrates and how he defends himself.…
Plato was a famous Greek philosopher and mathematician from Athens that is now well known throughout the world. He lived from 427 B.C.E. to 347 B.C.E. He’s famously known for being Socrates’ student and the teacher of Aristotle. He has many writings that explored justice, beauty, and equality as well as containing discussions in aesthetics, political philosophy, theology, cosmology, epistemology, and the philosophy of language. His writings were highly influenced by Socrates as he would convey and expand on the ideas and techniques of his teacher. Plato founded the Academy which was the first institution of higher learning in the Western World and offered subjects like astronomy, biology, mathematics, political theory, and philosophy. Plato…
In a close reading of Symposium, we as readers get to browse through an eclectic mix of brilliant and unique minds belonging to poets, philosophers, lovers, play writes, comedians and even war heroes. Each character takes their turn in describing their own ideal of love in this casual setting and the speeches with which we are presented are clearly melded by the life, profession and personality of these speakers. Plato’s success in giving each speech its own character and personality is quite remarkable, and has a considerable effect on how we as readers paint our own mental pictures of each member of the party. While it may seem as though these differing speeches have been placed next to one another in an arbitrary manner, one might find in…
I liked how you mentioned the connection regarding legislative overcriminalization, and the process for plea bargaining. I found John Oliver's clip rather amusing when he compared plea bargaining to the show, Law and Order, because I enjoy watching that show as well. Although his show appeared to be comedic, John made a lot of valid points when it came to mandatory minimums. I also agree with Austin's post regarding individuals most likely not having a clue to the severity of their crimes, but the prosecutor knows every loop hole and extent one can be tried for. I know that it's their job, but what happened to genuinely rehabilitating someone, and being proactive regarding someone's mental state and not being reactive after some commits a horrific crime?…
In Book Two of The Republic, Glaucon tests Socrates view of justice. Socrates believes that “injustice is never more profitable than justice” (31). With this, he describes how the good life is determined by whether you are just or unjust. Socrates explains how justice is observed through the genuine acts of human character; justice is evaluated by how morally right one is. Glaucon however challenges this idea, as he wishes to be shown why being just is desirable. He trusts that we as humans naturally act just because the scare of punishment. Glaucon reasons that if the fear of getting penalized was removed, if punishment was not at all possible, then we would do anything we wanted whenever we wanted to without hesitation.…
1. What is the difference between a. and a. Both Socrates and Glaucon ultimately agree that it is better to be actually just and seemingly unjust than it is to be actually unjust but seemingly just. Their reasons for holding this position are because people just have control over themselves. They are able to maintain dominion over their desires, to avoid self indulgence in evil desires, and to choose good things. This is something the unjust person loses no matter how just he may seem.…
In the Republic written by Plato, Glaucon presented an argument concerning “the nature and origin of justice”. This argument has caused many beliefs and interpretations from Glaucon about justice. Glaucon presents his arguments by stating the four premises and what each one of them mean. His first premise is “It is by nature good to harm”. This premise is broken up into different meanings by nature, being referred to character individuality, good being referred to an enjoyable experience and harm as a physical or mental injury. This premise shows how being harmed can be beneficial or a good repercussion, through different experiences in life. Overall, the conclusion of this premise shows how justice plays a typical role in society to prohibit people in doing unjust deeds and disrupting the structure of society.…
In Book 2 of the Republic, Glaucon is passionate about finding the true meaning of what justice is. To do this he decides to praise injustice in the purest way so that Socrates will refute it and give him the meaning of justice in its purest form. Glaucon approaches the situation by discussing the following three points: the “kind of thing people consider justice to be and what its origins are”, “that all who practice it do so unwillingly, as something necessary, not as something good”, and that “they have good reason to act as they do, for the life of an unjust person is, they say, much better than that of a just one”. Glaucon provides excellent evidence and reasoning for his argument and by looking at it from the view of the natural man, one who doesn’t have a spirit or conscience to refute injustice, his argument holds truth.…
In the Ring of Gyges, Glaucon and Socrates argue over what justice really is. They talk about the classes of goods. The first class being some things are good no matter the consequences, such as joy (The Ring of Gyges, Plato). The second class would be things like health and knowledge, things that are desirable for their results, and the third class are things like a job, or exercise, things that are only good for their consequences (The Ring of Gyges, Plato). Glaucon places justice in the second class because he believes people seek justice only for praise and reputation. To prove his point, he tells Socrates the legend of The Ring of Gyges.…
He argues to Socrates that if a just individual and an unjust individual were both given the opportunity to take part in unjust activities without consequences, the just person and unjust person would come out as equals. Equals in the sense that they would both take part in unjust actions. His overall point is the fact that when an individual is given a chance to act unjustly without consequence, they will take it. Glaucon used the example of the story of the Ring of Gyges. In this story, the ancestor of Gyges the Lydian was a shepherd and hired servant to the, at that time, current King.…
The philosophical ideas of Plato that relate to the Parthenon include whether the structure is an element of the Visible World or the Intelligible World. In my opinion, Plato would view the Parthenon as an object in the Visible World. The Parthenon is a one of a kind monument that is tangible and exists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Plato's view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Plato's, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident.…
Even though there are two main characters of the Cave Socrates and Glaucon. Socrates stood out more and the author Plato. Socrates wises man in Athens and he’s kind of a jerk. The representation of the Socrates, human nature and the enlighten figure of language. Plato trying to tell the audience that there is darkness and light. Plato dialog forms how you get out of the cave into enlightened. Socrates and Glaucon are trapped into a situation. The decisions, options Socrates make are fade towards themselves. By the decisions they compose, makes it harder for them get out of the cave; choices they made are the things Socrates will face, effect his life. The slaves When they try to run away from the situation they both face the reality. After Socrates face the realism, mutually didn’t listen.…
1 Towards the beginning of this passage, Socrates gets Laches to agree to a new definition of courage. What is it? (5 marks)…
Guardians are put into place to defend morality and rule society because they know the truth and posses the knowledge and wisdom of true forms. In order for there to be a just state, there must be a balance between the different types of people, namely; reason dominated, spirit dominated and appetite dominated people. This balance is similar to that of the need for balance in a just individual between the tripartheid soul. Those dominant in reason become philosophers, those in spirit become soldiers and those in appetite become commoners. Balance in these traits is necessary in order to achieve a just state.…