The police have been empowered by the government with the power to investigate and make arrests in connections to violations of law. The police must abide by the law in their pursuit to uphold law. The courts in the United States examine police, procedure and behavior, and can overturn, overrule or modify violations of law and procedure that do not adhere to due process. Examples of the courts influence on policing procedures can be found in cases such as Weeks vs. United States (1914), Silverthorn Lumber vs. United States (1920), and Mapp vs. Ohio (1961). If the issues are examined one can see the precedents the courts used to…
I think Alameda Point should be modified because there are many abandoned buildings, and there should be extra room for schools, hospitals, stores, and additional residency. There are about one hundred abandoned buildings on Alameda Pointbecause nobody uses the buildings so they end up collecting rodents and insects, especially termites. Alameda is crowded the way it is and we need the additional space for more guises news buildings, stores, hospitals, and residency. More schools are needed in Alameda because the public schools are overflowing with students,and if there are more schools with less students there will be more one on one help, and the teachers can be more aware of the students social situations. Additional stores are necessary…
Roy Olmstead was accused of importing and possessing illegal liquors back in 1927. He was later proved guilty by wiretaps installed in his basement. Olmstead tried saying that his 4th and 5th amendment were violated, but in conclusion his 4th amendment rights were not infringed because mere wiretapping does not qualify under a search or seizure. To be searched means that they would physically have to be there searching for something without a warrant that is. They are allowed to do so with a warrant. The vote behind his rights were 5-4 not in his favor. So he was later detained and arrested by the police. In this court case the officials learned a lot about how they should think, they decided that they should not back down in that sort of situation…
On May 23, 1957, police officers in a Cleveland, Ohio suburb received information that a suspect in a bombing case, as well as some illegal betting equipment, might be found in the home of Dollree Mapp. Three officers went to the home and asked for permission to enter, but Mapp refused to admit them without a search warrant. Two officers left, and one remained. Three hours later, the two returned with several other officers. Brandishing a piece of paper, they broke in the door. Mapp asked to see the “warrant” and took it from an officer, putting it in her dress. The officers struggled with Mapp and took the piece of paper away from her. They handcuffed her for being “belligerent.”…
The "Miranda rule," which makes a confession inadmissible in a criminal trial if the accused was not properly advised of his rights, has been so thoroughly integrated into the justice system that any child who watches television can recite the words: "You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney" Yet the 1966 Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona remains the subject of often heated debate, and has had a great impact on law enforcement in the U.S.…
The bill to prohibit the use of racial profiling is known as the “The End Racial Profiling Act” as introduced by Benjamin L. Cardin. Cardin widely addresses the deceptive practice of racial profiling by law enforcement on five levels. First, it visibly defines the racially prejudiced practice of racial profiling by law enforcement at all levels. Second, it generates a federal prohibition against racial profiling. Thirdly, it mandates data collection so we can completely assess the factual degree of the problem. Fourth, it provides funding for the reinstruction of law enforcement officials on how to stop and avoid the use of racial profiling. Fifth and finally, it holds law enforcement agencies that continue to use racial profiling…
“Stop and Frisk” is a program put into effect by the New York Police Department that basically grants an officer authority to stop and search a “suspicious character” if they deem him/her to be as such. They don’t need a warrant, or see you commit a crime. 5They simply need to deem you “suspicious” to violate your 4th amendment rights without repercussions. Since its inception, New York City’s stop and frisk program has drawn much controversy stemming from the disproportionate rate of arrest. While the argument that the program violates an individual’s 4th amendment right of protection from unreasonable search and seizure could absolutely be made, that argument pales in comparison to the argument of discrimination. A disproportionate number of African Americans and Hispanics are unreasonably stopped and searched simply for looking suspicious. The original intention of this program was to reduce the level of crime (which it has) and to crack down on illegal weapons. It has now become an excuse for police to play with their authority and target innocent people.…
Bowling, B. and Phillips C., (2007) “Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search”. Modern Law Review. 70(6)…
He recognizes three central points that support his thesis that racial profiling contravenes most of conservatives’ fundamental beliefs. He points out how racial profiling affects students of minorities and gives them the impression that they do not have equal opportunities as white students. Then Forman addresses the issue of “color-blindness” and how a San Diego police force succeeded over New Yorks with less police. All arguments shed light on how ironic the conservatives support of racial profiling actually…
Today around 1,400 citizens in New York City will have their constitutional rights violated through an unlawful search. The legal term for the controversial search is stop and frisk. The New York Police Department continues to pressure its officers to stop and frisk citizens, and these situations are happening at an alarmingly increasing rate. For the New York Police Department, it seems to be a game of numbers as they continue to force their officers to conduct stop and frisks through quotas (Gangi). While New York City has seen a decrease in crime over Mayor Bloomberg's term, it is difficult to directly correlate the stop and frisk policy with these decreases. This unlawful practice needs to stop as it is a controversial practice that many people believe is a direct violation of the human rights inherent for citizens. Furthermore, it could turn New York City into a police state.…
Ethnicity and Stop and Frisk laws have become a topic of concern because it questions the constitutional right of the fourth amendment. Police Officers are said to abuse power given their authority to stop and frisk a person under the “reasonable suspicion” clause of the fourth amendment. This research will argue that reasonable suspicion is subject to personal interpretation of police officers and perjury may be involved. With that being said minorities of Black and Hispanic backgrounds are the targeted population for this course of action.…
The Miranda rights are the rights a police offer is required to say to someone when the officer arrests that person. It is the warning that officers of the law give suspects so they know about their rights before they are interrogated. It was a law made after the conclusions of the Miranda vs. Arizona case. The case was very close as it was a 5-4 decision. The court ruled that any type of evidence, whether it is incriminating or proof of innocence, can be used as evidence in a case; however it can only be used if the police let the suspect know that they have the right to an attorney before and during questioning and also that the suspect can be silent to avoid self-incrimination before an interrogation. It is now a staple when police arrests are made. In this paper, I will explain why I believe that the Miranda Rights are not necessary anymore.…
In New York, many pedestrians and loiterers have been stopped and frisked for no apparent reason. Bob Herbert’s article, “Hounding the Innocent,” states that more than forty-five thousand people have been stopped. The ironic part of this statement is that less than ten thousand arrests were made. The majority of these harassed citizens were Hispanic or black. These frisks are believed to be from racial profiling. Other incidents across the globe have made an impact on the society.…
‘In New York City 80% of the NYPD stop checks were of blacks and Latinos’ (Quigley). It is more common for African Americans to be checked, by making them lay flat on to the ground, in comparison to any other group in USA. Moreover, the fear of police shooting have made African Americans parents so much afraid of the police that they train their children’s to not stir during a police check and to slowly access driving documents while the hands still raised up. Still African Americans form biggest segment of population killed during police checks and most of the time the person killed is unarmed highlighting the injustice resulting from bias attitude of policemen against African Americans. ‘Therefore, the ferocious afro, the wearing of beads, teeth, fetish necklaces and the like always define a militant black radical. It is no matter that these outer camouflages for the black ego and devotion to retrospective glory are no more than a ghetto fashion. These are the stigmata of the enemy to the police’ (Wright). The 7:1 ratio of African Americans to white shot and killed by police that prevailed in the 1960s and 1970s clearly reflected racial discrimination by the police while during the 1990s this ratio was 3:1 (Samuel…
Situations between police and the public are very stressful and highly contested events. A strong reason for law enforcement officers to target minorities, particularly Black and Hispanic motorists, is the common belief that they are more likely to be violating laws, particularly drug laws.( Jost) With this perception, minority communities are feeling targeted and harassed by police officers. It is clear that given the power and discretion available to police, the experience of being subject to racial profiling can lead both to a feeling of being harassed and to a sense of alienation from the legal system and the wider society. (Chan) For example, when a police officer stops a black motorist, they are likely to be stopped and their car searched. While White motorist are just simply stopped and let go. This is because police have such wide discretion. They randomly stop any vehicle, at any time, for any reason or no reason at all.…