19. What was the fate of decentralized societies (that did not have a strong ruler or…
Han dynasty and Mauryan/Gupta empires developed in roughly the same time frame and overlapped in the years 320 B.C.E. - 220 C.E. developing in different parts of the globes with their own unique geographies. Both the Han and Mauryan/Gupta empires developed bureaucratic governments that were ruled by kings, but due to the different geographical regions, India’s government was fragmented into local governments. The Han Dynasty of China was structured off of a social philosophy while Mauryan/Gupta India followed a religion which united the subcontinent. The Han and Mauryan/Gupta empires also both developed agrarian economies although their view on the merchant class were nearly opposite.…
India was ruled mainly by regional princes; however some kings with large armies and high taxes did emerge. Also, the lack of political service in India was a factor…
During the Han dynasty, China successfully improved its bureaucracy, but in India local rulers maintained regional control. India’s territory never grew to be as large as China’s, so different forms of government were needed for each civilization. Han China retained the centralized government formed by the Qin, and expanded the bureaucracy. The bureaucratic system suited China, because it was able to support the civilization as it expanded into a large empire. The emperor Wu Ti created civil service examinations for his bureaucrats, which could be taken by any male. Wu Ti also urged Confucianism in order to gain support, as it urged respect for the government. On the other hand, India lacked an extensive bureaucracy, and local rulers were allowed to keep control as long as they remained loyal to Gupta authority. Because of its separated regions, it was very difficult to politically unify India. Similar to China, the Gupta rulers turned to religion to strengthen support for the government. In contrast to China, they favored Hinduism because they claimed to be appointed by Hindu gods. Additionally, Hinduism encouraged the rigid caste system. The empires were also similar because political power was given to landowners. Although the Gupta period is considered the golden age of India, providing its greatest period of political stability, it never developed the solid bureaucracy that Han China did.…
The Han Dynasty and Imperial Rome each had forms of centralized governments. In each civilization (in the Han Dynasty, Han Wudi, and in the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar) a male political leader worked very hard to form a respectable form of a centralized government. As said in our textbooks, Han Wudi worked extremely hard to increase the authority and prestige of the central government. He built an enormous bureaucracy. Similarly, Julius Caesar fought to gain respect. Caesar, though, won his through battles fought and won. Once Caesar did make a name for himself, he was quick to take control and centralize the government underneath him. This method of political control proved to be very effective and it makes complete sense. The more centralized the government is, the more power any one person has the capability to hold in that government. For example, when all parts of the government come together, a king could potentially control every aspect of their citizens’ lives, rather than just the more important pieces.…
In Europe from 500 CE to 1500 CE, a continuity was the importance of the Church,…
government away from the people and planned to rule without any help or influence from other…
When analyzing cultural traditions and innovations, economic relationships, and social classifications and expectations during/between the periods of classical China and classical India. Classical China lasted from 2000 B.C.E - 600 C.E, while classical India lasted from 600 B.C.E – 600 C.E. There are quite a few similarities and differences between these two civilizations. With regards to cultural traditions and innovations both developed similar technologies in their period. Spoken language was introduced in China during the Zhou Dynasty. Also in India, Sanskrit was the language of educated people.. India and China were similar as agricultural societies. Both civilizations relied on a large peasant class, organized in tight villages with much mutual cooperation. Both societies had a caste system where the citizens were ranked. This caste system organized into special groups that determined everything from your job, to your political rights, to your religious beliefs, and who you would marry. Lastly, social classifications and expectations played a big role in China and India, and how they treated women. China and India differed in their treatment because in India (patriarchal society), women were to treat men almost as Gods. In China, Confucianism had important implications for women, recommending their good treatment, but in the context they were still inferior to men.…
Though they had some different qualities, Classical China and India were very similar. The complexities of both India and China’s social hierarchy systems were very different. However their religious views and ideas were similar, and they both began to decline but were able to recover and maintain stability.…
The Qin and Han dynasties of Classical China developed a kind of government called bureaucracy. The Qin stressed central authority, while the Hans expanded the powers of bureaucracy. In addition, Legalism was developed. India’s political features involved regionalism and diversity in political forms, unlike China’s bureaucracy. It is the reason why the Guptas did not require…
Classical China and Classical India have many similarities, but some ideas like politics and the social classes can differ from one or another. Politics was a way on how these classical civilizations had a government and what made the government had power to lead their civilization. Social class was a way to put people in ranks which was also a way for the different types of jobs they did. Politics also goes with social class since it showed that only certain types of people could be in the government.…
Women’s rights deteriorated after the Vedic period (1600-800 BCE). No one has been able to prove why this happened. Scholarly interest has focused on women’s exclusion from performing Hindu rituals, which was in effect by 500 BCE…Julia Leslie thinks that women’s exclusion resulted from intentional mistranslation of the Vedas by male scholars, as the rituals became more complicated and as the requirement for property ownership was more rigorously enforced at a time when women could not own property.…
Little real change – H inherited a system that had been made more efficient by the Y’s but no major changes in the institutions of it during his reign…
A few hundred years later, Chinas social climate (ca 800-1400) was considered the most advanced in that region of the world. Unlike India, who had an agricultural advantage with various spices during their times, China advantages came with the cultivation of rice, the production of steel and Iron, and printing books. Medieval China was…
Design and architecture was also an important part of medieval European culture. The plague tore at the lavish artistic European lifestyle in another very evident way. It halted the production of intricate, aesthetically pleasing architecture. It is known that, “because of the Black Death and the recession the building industry was also affected. Building in the medieval Europe would never be as extravagant as in the century before the Black Death. If the Black Death did indeed have a direct impact on landowner building practices, it was chiefly in the area of self defense.” The plague pressured people to begin designing more practical, stronger buildings that would be able to protect them from the inescapable wrath of the Plague. This lead…