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I

PRACTICAL PITTSICS for degree students

(8. Sc. Pass, Honours and Engineering Students)
Dr. Giasuddin Ahmad.
B. Sc. Hons. M. Sc. (Dhaka), Ph. D. (Glasgow)
Professor, Department of Physics
Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology, Dhaka.

and

Md. Shahabuddin, M. Sc. M. ALibrarian, Bangladesh University of Engineering and
Technologr, Dhaka.
Formerly of the Department of Physics.
Ahsanullah Engineering College and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka.

FOURTH EDITION
ThoroughLg reuised bg
ProJ. Giasuddin Ahmad Ph. D.
Department of PhUsics, Bangtadesh Uniuersitg oJ Engineering and" Technologg. Dhcrka

IrIAF.IZ BOOK CENTRE

CIIAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
The "Practic-al Physis5 for Degree Students" is designed to co\rer the syllabi of the B.Sc. Pass and Subsidiary and B. Scl@ngineering) examinations of the different Unlrrersities of pakistan. our long experience in teaching physics and conducting practical classes has acquainted us with the various difficulties=that the students face in performing experiments. In this textbook attempts have been made to guide the students so that they may proceed to record data systematically and then correlate them to get the results. strbject mafter of the book has been presented in i'simple manner so that the students may independently perform the experiments without the help of the teachers. At the end of each experiment relevent questions and their answers harre been provided, thus clarilying the theoretical aspect of the experiment. lables are provided at the end of each eiperiment. Hor,vever, it should be remembered that they are purely suggestive and there is nothing special about any particular form of tl-bulation. Tables of physical constants and logarithmic and trigonometrical tables have been provided at the end of the book for ready reference.
In writlng this book we consulted different books on practical

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