Between the years 1958 and 1961, the dispute over Berlin (often known as the ‘Berlin Crisis’) was one of the main issues between the USA and USSR, and caused a considerable amount of growing tension between the two states. The dispute over Berlin was a continuing issue over who was to occupy Berlin, the capital city of Germany. The city was seen as an important area for both states and led to several conflict issues throughout the time period. It could be argued that this issue and the tension caused by this was the primary reason (or, the main reason) for the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. The Cuban missile crisis was an issue over the placement of nuclear weapons on the island of Cuba by the Soviet Union and brought the world closer than ever to nuclear war. However, the Cuban missile crisis cannot be solely blamed on the dispute over Berlin. Other reasons that could be linked to the development of the Cuban missile crisis include Bay of Pigs, the actions of individuals (such as Kennedy’s personal views and actions over Fidel Castro and Cuba), the existence of US Jupiter missiles in Turkey, the validity of storing Soviet missiles on Cuba and the need to close the missile gap. This essay will examine the significance of each of these possible causes and how far they affected the Cuban missile crisis, in comparison to the dispute over Berlin.…
Have you ever been in a sticky situation where you didn’t really know how to respond? President Kennedy was in this position during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. John F. Kennedy was put in a bad situation during the Cuban Missile Crisis where he had to decide, along with all of the Excomm members, how to properly remove the missiles from Cuba. Although President Kennedy may have acted inappropriately at certain times, he was always sure to make his wrongs into rights. President Kennedy displayed the most effective communication during the Cuban Missile Crisis because he was open-minded and knowledgeable.…
The Battle of Brandywine was fought in Philadelphia on September 11, 1777 during the American Revolution. The enemy was the British soldiers who sought to capture Philadelphia, the revolutionary state. The British came strong with 17,000 troops under the command of General Howe. The Americans, lead by General George Washington were outnumbers with 10,000 militia men. In analyzing this battle, I will discuss several key factors in terms of METT-TC, OAKOC, and the Principles of War that influenced the outcome of the British capturing Philadelphia (To emphasize these principles I will italicize METT-TC, OAKOC).…
In October of 1962, John F. Kennedy was faced with the first crisis of his administration. The Soviets were building nuclear missile sites on Cuba, and one of JFK’s first actions was to give his famous Cuban Missile Crisis speech on October 22, 1962. JFK uses repetition, ethos, and pathos to discredit the USSR’s international standing in the world. JFK give his speech to show the people that the government has their best interests at heart. He tells the citizens about what the government has learned and what they intend to do about it. To reassure the people of the US, he describes what he has done so far, and what he plans to do in the future. In the main part of the speech, JFK turns to what the Soviets have done and the implications of this. He does this to unify the country against the Soviets. To unify them he explains how the Soviets have endangered everyone who lives in the western hemisphere, and how this has never been done before. He reinforces this by repeatedly stating that what the Soviets have said are lies. To further discredit the Soviets he shows their disregard for international agreements and for the people living in the western hemisphere.…
The year is 1962 and American surveillance planes discover that the USSR is in the process of placing nuclear ballistic missiles in Cuba. The missiles have a said capability to reach 80 million Americans striking every major city but Seattle. As well they are capable of reaching the majority of the United States Air Force bomber bases effectively crippling their ability to retaliate. It is a race to find a means of removing the missiles before they become operational. Thus the problem for the President is to decide whether to use force or diplomatic means to keep the missiles un-operational. Initial diplomatic attempts to come to a peaceful conclusion fail and the Secretary of Defence proposes a naval blockade which they call a “quarantine” and if the Soviets ignore the blockade, the Navy will forcibly remove the ships from going to Cuba. This would quickly escalate the situation which is clearly what the Secretary of Defence wanted but the President with help of his Special Assistant; Kenneth O’Donnell, realized that an invasion of Cuba by Americans would lead to the Soviets invading Berlin effectively causing a World War III. In the end through unique communication methods between the US and the Soviets the Soviets agree to remove the missiles from Cuba providing the US promises never to invade Cuba as well as remove missiles from Turkey.…
On the Cuban Missile Crisis, “The situation would be even graver if there were any LeMay counterparts on the Soviet side. Each side might increase its alert levels to protect its forces, but the other side would see it as preparation for war and be increasingly tempted to launch a preemptive strike (page 5)”…
United States President John F. Kennedy reacted by making a naval blockade around Cuba, and promised not to invade Cuba if the Soviet Union removed the nuclear weapons from the country (“Cuban Missile Crisis”). The United States and the Soviet Union were on the brink of war, until the Premiere of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, agreed to remove the missiles (“Cuban Missile Crisis”). A possible nuclear war was averted, and there is no doubt that a nuclear war would have destroyed not only the United States and the USSR, but possibly the world. On October 28th, the missiles were removed, and the conflict concluded. (“Cuban Missile Crisis”).…
Bibliography: Professor Ernest R. May (Harvard) John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis URL: http://BBC/history/coldwar [accessed 3.3.2012 - last updated 17.2.2011]…
For thirteen days in October of 1962, the world lingered on the verge of a nuclear conflict of unparalleled proportions. In the eyes of those involved with the crisis every action seemed to flirt with disaster and beckon doomsday. The United States discovered the presence of Soviet missile silos in Cuba, capable of launching nuclear-tipped weaponry that could target much of the Eastern United States. President John F. Kennedy, under pressure from his advisors chose to order a naval “quarantine” of Cuba. He gambled that this maneuver would force the Soviets to end their missile shipments to Cuba yet not provoke the USSR to respond militarily. The world waited on edge as the Soviets and Americans drew closer to confrontation, hoping this…
In the first letter, Khrushchev first appealed to Kennedy in a thankful tone. The letter is assumed to be a personal letter from Khrushchev attempting to convince Kennedy to not invade Cuba and end the blockade; in return, he would remove the missile sites in Cuba and the Russians would stop shipping weaponries to Cuba. Khrushchev also described communists as peaceful and hard-working people who wanted nothing more than a diplomatic relationship with USA. Robert McNamara once quoted a part of the letter from Khrushchev, “Everyone needs peace; both capitalists, if they have not lost their reason, and still more, communists. War is our enemy and a calamity for all people. If indeed war should break out, then it would not be in our power to stop it, for such is the logic of war. I have participated in two wars and I know that war ends only when it has rolled through cities and villages, everywhere sowing death and destruction. I should like you to agree that one cannot give way to pressures; it is necessary to control them. If people do not show wisdom, then in the final analysis they will come to a clash, like blind moles, and then reciprocal extermination will begin. If you have not lost your self-control, then Mr. President we and you ought not now to pull on the end of a rope in which you have tied the knot of war, because the more the two of us pull, the tighter the knot will be tied. And a moment may come when that knot will be tied so tight that even he who tied it will not have the strength to untie it. And then it will be necessary to cut that knot. And what that will mean is not for me to explain to you, because you yourself understand perfectly what terrible forces our countries possess. Let us not only relax the forces pulling on the end of the rope; let us take means to untie the knot. We are ready for this.” This quote summarizes Khrushchev’s view on this whole situation.…
The Cuban Missile Crises also can be called the October Crisis, had occurred on October of 1962 for 13 nerve wreaking days. Nerves were high not only for the American people who believed the Soviets could and would annihilate their very existence, but also the people of Cuba and the whole world. The blockade of navy ships surrounding the island of Cuba would only be a reaction to a nuclear war and cause a World War III. Everyone was on edge, the whole world would be affected in one way or another and millions would die. The fate of the world laid with three men, U.S. President John Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, and Fidel Castro. “It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization.”…
The Cold War (1945-1991) was basically an ideological standoff between the ideas of Communism supported by the Russians and Democracy/Capitalism supported by the Americans. Communism is a political ideology which has the central principle of ¡§communal or communist ownership¡¨ of all property and therefore the abolition of private property. Democracy is a form of government in which the people vote, have a representative government and via these representatives ¡§govern themselves¡¨. During the period between 1961 to 1963, Nikita S. Khrushchev represented Communism and ruled Russia, while John F. Kennedy embodied democracy and lead America. The two leaders differed in their foreign policies as is evident by the Berlin Wall incident and the Cuban missile crisis, but both were somewhat radical in their domestic policies.…
Coming out of a post-World War II the relationship and tensions between America and the Soviet Union lasted for most of the second half of the twentieth century. This so-called war, heightened suspicions, creating a series of international events that brought the world’s two superpowers down to the brink of destruction.…
The primary source document is a letter that was sent on October 26, 1962 to John F Kennedy by Nikita Khrushchev. John F Kennedy was the President of the United States between 1961 and 1963. Nikita Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet Union between 1953 and 1964. The letter was a response to one that Kennedy had previously sent Khrushchev. The exchange between the two leaders is centred around the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis originated as a result of the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs invasion; in July 1962, Soviet leader Khrushchev and Cuban leader Fidel Castro struck a deal in which Soviet missiles would be placed on Cuban soil to prevent any future attempts at invasion. Despite warnings by Kennedy that this was unacceptable,…
The Americans felt that Castro was a communist due to his belief in social justice in a well planned economy and his reforms which included the nationalization of US economic interest.…