Probation And Parole Essay
Probation and parole are not just used as an intermediate sanction in the United States, the concept of probation and parole extends beyond our borders. In this paper I will be exploring the penal systems of the United Kingdom and Japan. As we know, probation and parole is designed to reintegrate and rehabilitate offenders so they can return to the community. In the United States probation is a community supervision sanction imposed in lieu of incarceration, while parole involves supervision of individuals released from incarceration. While on community supervision an offender must follow the guidelines set by the officer(s) that are assigned to supervise them. Offenders that are placed under community supervision are managed differently
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In the United Kingdom is made up of three legal jurisdictions, England & Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The focal point of this discussion will be placed on England & Wales community sanctions. In England & Wales, the organizational structure of the probation and parole system is also similar to the United States. The National Probation Service for England and Wales is tantamount to the Department of Justice (United States) and falls under the National Offender Management Service (NOMS). They receive their funding from the ministry of justice and is a considered a law enforcement agency. Over the years the goal of the UK’s community sanctions has changed from being rehabilitative in nature to reducing the prison population. What does this mean? The focal point was not the offenders being rehabilitated while being part of the community but was rather, a tool used to shrink prison populations and to protect the interest of the public. “With the public protection agenda came a new emphasis on the assessment of the risks posed by offenders, both in term of potential harm and the likelihood of reoffending per se, and a drive to develop technologies of risk prediction. Whereas previously the probation service had tended to think about risks to the offender (e.g. the risk of a custodial sentence) it now became preoccupied with the risks posed by offenders” (Robinson, 2003). Much like the U.S., England & Wales
In the United Kingdom is made up of three legal jurisdictions, England & Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The focal point of this discussion will be placed on England & Wales community sanctions. In England & Wales, the organizational structure of the probation and parole system is also similar to the United States. The National Probation Service for England and Wales is tantamount to the Department of Justice (United States) and falls under the National Offender Management Service (NOMS). They receive their funding from the ministry of justice and is a considered a law enforcement agency. Over the years the goal of the UK’s community sanctions has changed from being rehabilitative in nature to reducing the prison population. What does this mean? The focal point was not the offenders being rehabilitated while being part of the community but was rather, a tool used to shrink prison populations and to protect the interest of the public. “With the public protection agenda came a new emphasis on the assessment of the risks posed by offenders, both in term of potential harm and the likelihood of reoffending per se, and a drive to develop technologies of risk prediction. Whereas previously the probation service had tended to think about risks to the offender (e.g. the risk of a custodial sentence) it now became preoccupied with the risks posed by offenders” (Robinson, 2003). Much like the U.S., England & Wales