Progression of Homosexuality: Evolution of a Phenomenon Over Time

Abstract Progression of Homosexuality: Evolution of a phenomenon over time Some authors believe that homosexuality is not a kind of conduct, as commonly supposed, but a psychological condition (Woggon, 1981). Thus, it is important to understand that the genuine homosexual condition or inversion, as it is often termed. This condition is something for which the subject is in no way responsible. Some literature suggests that homosexuality in itself it is morally neutral. Like the condition of heterosexuality, however, it tends to find expression in specific sexual acts; and such acts are subject to moral judgment (McNeill, 1966). A major premise established in contemporary literature is the concept that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, as opposed to simply being heterosexual or homosexual. It is possible that this is mainly because increased attention has been paid to the attraction and not merely the action. Braverman (1973) has examined a scale developed by Kinsey, who thought that homosexuality is a normal manifestation of human sexuality. This scale operationalizes the continuum. People are rated on a scale of zero to six. Zero representing exclusive heterosexual inclinations and six exclusive homosexual inclinations. Those who don’t fall into either extreme feel a mixture of both to varying degrees. This middle group is theoretically bisexual. However, people who are close to either extreme tend to be absorbed into that respective category. This absorption leaves only those closer to the centre in the bisexual group. Most research conducted has grouped people into these three categories. The Causes of Homosexuality Fathers, on the other hand, were thought to prefer the other children. In doing so, fathers failed to protect the child from the destructive influence of the mother. The researchers espousing biological and genetic causes of homosexuality were considered to be fringe in those times. Even so, there were studies

References: A vicious intolerance. (2009, September 19). Economist, 392(8649). Authorized Version King James Bartoli, E., & Gillem, A. R. (2008). Continuing to depolarize the debate on sexual orientation and religious identity and the therapeutic process. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 202-209. Benoit, M Bieber, I. (1969). Homosexuality. The American Journal of Nursing, 69(12), 2637-2641. Bieber, I., Dain, H Binder, C. V. (1977). Affection training: An alternative to sexual reorientation. Journal of Homosexuality, 2, 251-259. Bower, B Broman, C. L. (2003). Sexuality Attitudes: The Impact of Trauma. The Journal of Sex Research, 40(4), 351-357. Brooke, H Bullough, V. L. (1976). Sexual variance in society and history. New York: Wiley. Campos, P Childs, J. M. (2003). Faithful Conversation: Christian Perspectives on Homosexuality. Minneapolis: Fortress, 132. Cianciotto, J., & Cahill, S Davison, G. C. (1976). Homosexuality: The ethical challenge. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 157-162. Davison, G Davison, G. C., & Wilson, G. T. (1973). Attitudes of behaviour therapists toward homosexuality. Behavior Therapy, 4, 686-696. Ellis, A Ellis, A. (1959). A homosexual treated with rational psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 338-343. Ellis, A Erzen, T. (2006). Straight to Jesus: Sexual and Christian conversions in the ex-gay movement. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Freud, S Good, R. (2000). Human Behavioral Genetics/ Sexual Orientation. The American Biology Teacher, 62(5), 322-324. Greenspoon, J., & Lamal, P Hacking, I. (2002). How “Natural” are “Kinds” of Sexual Orientation?. Law and Philosophy, 21(1), 95-107. Haldeman, D Hart, T. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2001). Presenting problems among treatment-seeking gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 615-627. Herek, G James, S. (1978). Treatment of homosexuality: II. Superiority of desensitization/arousal as compared with anticipatory avoidance conditioning: Results of a controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 9, 28-36. Jones, S Kallmann, F. J. (1952). Comparative Twin Study on the Genetic Aspects of Male Homosexuality. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 115(1), 283-298. Katz, J King, M., Smith, G., & Bartlett, A. (2004). Treatments of homosexuality in Britain since the 1950’s—an oral history: The experience of professionals. British Medical Journal, 328, 429-432. Kinsey, A Langevin, R. (1983). Sexual strands: Understanding and treating sexual anomalies in men. New York: Erlbaum. LeVay, S Maguire, D. (1983). The morality of homosexual marriage. A Challenge to Love: Gay and Lesbian Catholics in the Church (R. Nugent ed.), New York: Crossroad Martell, C Massett, L. (1969). Homosexuality: changes on the way. Science News, 96(24), 557-559. McMinn, L McNeill, J. J. (1966). The church and the Homosexual. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 42-66. Moberly, E Murphy, T. F. (1992). Redirecting sexual orientation: Techniques and justifications. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 501-523. Murphy, T Nicolosi, J. (1991). Reparative therapy of male homosexuality. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson. Nicolosi, J., Byrd, A O’Leary, J. S. (1987). Sexual Orientation. The Furrow, 38(11), 680-685. Phillips, J Ponticelli, C. M. (1999). Crafting stories of sexual identity reconstruction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62, 157-172. Safren, S Shidlo, A., & Schroeder, M. (2002). Changing sexual orientation: A consumer’s report. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 249-259. Silberner, J Silverstein, C. (1991). Psychological and medical treatments of homosexuality. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 101-114). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Silverstein, C Spitzer, R. L. (2003). Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation? Two hundred participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 403-417. Stevenson, I., & Wolpe, J Stevenson, M. R. (1988). Promoting Tolerance for Homosexuality: An Evaluation of Intervention Strategies. The Journal of Sex Research, 25(4), 500-511. Tan, E Thomson, & Devine. (1998, May 5). Homosexuality: biologically or environmentally constructed. Retrieved October 18, 2009, from Wolkomir, M Wolkomir, M. (2006). Be not deceived: The sacred and sexual struggles of gay and ex-gay Christian men. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Yip, A Yip, A. K. T. (1997). Attacking the Attacker: Gay Christians Talk Back. The British Journal of Sociology, 48(1), 113-127.