Proportionality and Superposition Theorems Report
Introduction
This experiment focuses on two concepts. These concepts are Proportionality and Superposition theorems.
Proportionality is a way to relate two quantities together. This means that when more input is supplied, you get more output which is proportional to the input.
The Proportionality Theorem states that the response in a circuit is proportional to the source acting in the circuit. This is also known as Linearity. The proportionality constant (K) relates the input voltage to the output voltages as
Superposition is another way to solve a linear electrical circuit.
The Superposition Theorem states that in any linear electrical circuit, any voltage or current value can be obtained by taking the individual contributions to that voltage or current as a result of each source taken alone and summing them together
Aim
The aim of this experiment is to verify the proportionality and superposition theorems.
Apparatus
Breadboard
Wires
Multi-meter
IDL 600 analogue lab
Assorted resistors(1kΩ, 3.3kΩ, 2.2kΩ)
Procedure
I constructed the first circuit as shown in fig1 using the breadboard, four wires and three resistors as shown in the diagram below.
I connected my power source and took down the values of the output voltage across the 3.3kΩ resistor for five different input voltages.
I constructed the second circuit in fig 2 below using a breadboard, wires and three resistors, and took the measurements of the output voltage respectively for five consecutive inputs using a multi-metre.
For the third circuit, i connected my switch so that it ad two inputs and calculated the Vout across the resistor joining them as in fig3 below. This circuit illustrates the principle of superposition.
I took the measurement of Vout through the 3.3kΩ resistor which is R3.
Results
1. With Vin at 10volts, the output voltage across the 3.3kΩ measured 2.61volts
Slope= 0.2651
Taking the average value
This experiment focuses on two concepts. These concepts are Proportionality and Superposition theorems.
Proportionality is a way to relate two quantities together. This means that when more input is supplied, you get more output which is proportional to the input.
The Proportionality Theorem states that the response in a circuit is proportional to the source acting in the circuit. This is also known as Linearity. The proportionality constant (K) relates the input voltage to the output voltages as
Superposition is another way to solve a linear electrical circuit.
The Superposition Theorem states that in any linear electrical circuit, any voltage or current value can be obtained by taking the individual contributions to that voltage or current as a result of each source taken alone and summing them together
Aim
The aim of this experiment is to verify the proportionality and superposition theorems.
Apparatus
Breadboard
Wires
Multi-meter
IDL 600 analogue lab
Assorted resistors(1kΩ, 3.3kΩ, 2.2kΩ)
Procedure
I constructed the first circuit as shown in fig1 using the breadboard, four wires and three resistors as shown in the diagram below.
I connected my power source and took down the values of the output voltage across the 3.3kΩ resistor for five different input voltages.
I constructed the second circuit in fig 2 below using a breadboard, wires and three resistors, and took the measurements of the output voltage respectively for five consecutive inputs using a multi-metre.
For the third circuit, i connected my switch so that it ad two inputs and calculated the Vout across the resistor joining them as in fig3 below. This circuit illustrates the principle of superposition.
I took the measurement of Vout through the 3.3kΩ resistor which is R3.
Results
1. With Vin at 10volts, the output voltage across the 3.3kΩ measured 2.61volts
Slope= 0.2651
Taking the average value